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271.
In order to evaluate the ecological hazard of 4-tert-butylphenol (4-TBP), species abundances and physicochemical properties were monitored for 63 days in a microcosm system containing planktonic algae, rotifers, shrimps and Daphnia. The 63 days-NOEC (no observed effect concentration) of 4-TBP for this system was calculated. At the same time, species sensitivity distribution curves were constructed based on the toxicity data of EC10, EC50 and NOEC derived from laboratory single-species toxicity tests, which further gives no obvious hazard concentrations for 95% species in the ecosystem (HC5). In both the microcosm and the single-species tests, the shrimp (Neocaridina sp.) was the most sensitive species to 4-TBP exposure, while most algae species were relatively insensitive compared to the zooplankton. For the microcosm exposed to 4-TBP, significant changes occurred to the community structure instead of the community function, resulting in a NOECmicrocosm of 265.38?μg?L–1 which approached the EC10-based HC5 (0.376?mg?L–1). Nevertheless, EC50-based HC5 was higher than the NOECmicrocosm, and the NOEC-based HC5 was lower. The data showed that the EC10-based HC5 was protective at the similar level with the result of microcosm for 4-TBP, providing supportive data for chemical risk assessment. 相似文献
272.
天然针阔混交林优势种群间联结关系 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
运用2 ×2 联列表,通过方差分析、χ2 检验、联结系数C、Ochiai 系数、Czekanowski 系数和Jaccard 系数等系列方法,测定了天然针阔混交林15 个优势种群间的总体联结关系,各种对间联结显著性和关联系数.研究表明:中亚热带针阔混交林的种间联结测定使用上述系列技术效果很佳.运用方差分析揭示出多物种整体间的联结关系;χ2 检验揭示出成对物种间联结的性质和程度;Ochiai、Czekanowski 和Jaccard 系数可表明种对的联结程度和相伴随出现的机率.结果表明:多物种间的整体联结关系为显著的正联结;χ2 统计量检验了105 个种对,其中9 个种对呈现极显著的正联结;2 个种对为显著的正联结;4 个种对呈现显著的负联结.马尾松( Pinus massoniana)与常绿阔叶林优势树种间的联结关系很弱,反映出天然针阔混交林的成熟性 相似文献
273.
Eduardo Soto-Galera Joel Paulo-Maya Eugenia López-López José Angel Serna-Hernández John Lyons 《Environmental management》1999,24(1):133-140
Chirostoma charari and C. compressum, and they are presumed extinct. Twelve (63%) of the remaining species had declines in distribution. Sixteen (80%) of the 20
localities sampled had lost species. The greatest declines occurred in Lago de Cuitzeo proper and in the lower portion of
the Río Grande de Morelia watershed. Species losses from the lake were attributable to drying and hypereutrophication of the
lake because of substantial reductions in the amount and quality of tributary inputs, whereas losses from the Río Grande de
Morelia watershed were the result of pollution from agricultural, municipal, and industrial sources, especially in the region
around the city of Morelia. Three localities in the upper portion of the Río Grande de Morelia watershed—Cointzio reservoir,
La Mintzita spring, and Insurgente Morelos stream—contained most of the remaining fish species diversity in the basin and
deserve additional protection. Fish faunal changes indicated major declines in the health of aquatic ecosystems in the Morelia–Cuitzeo
basin. 相似文献
274.
275.
本文利用脱氧核糖氧化法考察了飞灰颗粒物氧化能力与络合剂及盐酸浸取颗粒物上金属浓度的关系。结果表明,代表氧化损伤程度指标的脱氧核糖氧化物,通过硫代巴比妥酸似丙二醛加合物显色反应,其吸光度值与飞灰颗粒物被浸取剂盐酸及氨三乙酸作用后的金属离子铁、锌、镉、铅和锰的浓度显著相关。基于铁在自然环境中的高含量及在活性氧催化反应中的特殊性,本文认为二乙三氨五乙酸、乙二胺四乙酸及柠檬酸浸取液中的金属浓度不能很好地表 相似文献
276.
城市生态环境质量调控能力设计--以北京市温榆河生物通道设计为例 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以北京市温榆河生物通道设计为例,提出建设生态城市的关键是提高城市自身的环境质量调控能力,其设计应注重2个方面:①把以植物为主体的、具有合理异质性并达到一定面积的自然组分作为控制性组分,并保证其持久存在;②要保证"物种流"在城市景观内的顺畅流动。 相似文献
277.
Alexandrine Daniel Paul Savary Jean-Christophe Foltête Aurélie Khimoun Bruno Faivre Anthony Ollivier Cyril Éraud Hervé Moal Gilles Vuidel Stéphane Garnier 《Conservation biology》2023,37(3):e14047
Habitat connectivity is a key objective of current conservation policies and is commonly modeled by landscape graphs (i.e., sets of habitat patches [nodes] connected by potential dispersal paths [links]). These graphs are often built based on expert opinion or species distribution models (SDMs) and therefore lack empirical validation from data more closely reflecting functional connectivity. Accordingly, we tested whether landscape graphs reflect how habitat connectivity influences gene flow, which is one of the main ecoevolutionary processes. To that purpose, we modeled the habitat network of a forest bird (plumbeous warbler [Setophaga plumbea]) on Guadeloupe with graphs based on expert opinion, Jacobs’ specialization indices, and an SDM. We used genetic data (712 birds from 27 populations) to compute local genetic indices and pairwise genetic distances. Finally, we assessed the relationships between genetic distances or indices and cost distances or connectivity metrics with maximum-likelihood population-effects distance models and Spearman correlations between metrics. Overall, the landscape graphs reliably reflected the influence of connectivity on population genetic structure; validation R2 was up to 0.30 and correlation coefficients were up to 0.71. Yet, the relationship among graph ecological relevance, data requirements, and construction and analysis methods was not straightforward because the graph based on the most complex construction method (species distribution modeling) sometimes had less ecological relevance than the others. Cross-validation methods and sensitivity analyzes allowed us to make the advantages and limitations of each construction method spatially explicit. We confirmed the relevance of landscape graphs for conservation modeling but recommend a case-specific consideration of the cost-effectiveness of their construction methods. We hope the replication of independent validation approaches across species and landscapes will strengthen the ecological relevance of connectivity models. 相似文献
278.
279.
湖北省榉树自然种群分布研究 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
对湖北省天然榉树的自然种群分布现状、种群特征及种群分布格局进行了研究。结果表明:湖北榉树资源主要分布在海拔500~1 000 m地带,不同程度地分割包围在谷底和山腰,地理分布点呈收缩集群分布,种群规模较小;采用方差/均值法对榉树地理分布格局类型进行分析,其值=1.66>1,表明其分布点的地理分布趋于集群分布。湖北榉树种群星散间隔的地理分布形式,使地理分布点间产生空间间隔,成为相互间基因交错的障碍,而较小的种群规模,增加了遗传漂变的机率,导致遗传上的不稳定性增加,影响种群的生存能力,这些是导致物种趋向濒危的重要原因。湖北榉树种群这种分布现状产生的原因,一方面是物种自身的生物学特性及对生境的特定要求所致,另一方面是由于人类对榉树资源的过度开发利用以及人类经济活动导致的生境片段化。应借助于人为帮助,改善生态环境,扩大其种群规模,促进不同种群之间的基因交流,以利保护。 相似文献
280.
采用多溴联苯醚(PBDEs)对我国广泛分布生物物种的生态毒性数据,根据欧盟现有化学物质风险评价技术指导文件,对不同环境介质中PBDEs预测无效应浓度(PNEC)进行了推导。结果表明:我国淡水环境PBDEs(四溴、五溴、八溴)的PNEC水分别为50μg·L~(-1)、0.53μg·L~(-1)、0.017μg·L~(-1)。沉积物环境PBDEs(四溴、五溴、八溴和十溴)的PNEC沉积物分别为823.35 mg·kg~(-1)wt、1.55 mg·kg~(-1)dw、12.72 mg·kg~(-1)dw、38.41 mg·kg~(-1)dw。土壤环境PBDEs(四溴、五溴、八溴和十溴)的PNEC土壤分别为668.3mg·kg~(-1)wt、0.38 mg·kg~(-1)dw、147 mg·kg~(-1)dw、98 mg·kg~(-1)dw。次生毒性PBDEs(五溴、八溴和十溴)的PNEC经口分别为0.3~0.7 mg·kg~(-1)、0.56 mg·kg~(-1)、2 500 mg·kg~(-1)。该数值期为我国PBDEs的环境风险评价提供科学基础。 相似文献