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551.
中国珍稀格氏栲林的数量特征 总被引:10,自引:1,他引:10
运用伽玛分布,对数正态分布、韦布(Weibull)分布,正态分布等4种概率分布模型对格氏栲林的乔木层、灌木层、藤本层,草本层的物种-多度关系进行拟合分析,并用多种物种多样性指标测定格氏栲林各层次数量特征。结果表明:格氏栲林群落各层次物种-多度关系均符合伽玛分布,即伽玛分布模型应用于格氏栲林物种-多度分布研究是理想的;格氏栲林物种多样性指标介于中亚热带常绿阔叶林与南亚热带季风常绿阔叶林之间,表5参20。 相似文献
552.
东北过伐林灌木层物种多样性与林分因子的典型相关分析 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
研究林分特征尤其是经营上可以控制的因子对生物多样性的影响,将有助于制定合理的经营措施来维持和保护生物多样性,本文作者以我国东北过伐林区3种典型天然林类型为对象,采用典型相关分析方法,研究影响灌木层物种多样性的主要因子。结果表明:影响灌木层物种多样性的主要因子包括土壤含水率,树种多样性和林分密度;灌木层多样性组的变异被林分组第一典型变量解释的比例为68.32%,仍有31.68%的变异不能得到解释。 相似文献
553.
Two species of the green alga genusCaulerpa are considered as invasive in Tunisia:Caulerpa racemosa andC. taxifolia. C. racemosa is found in a many new localities at the central and southern Tunisian coast, and even in the North of the country in colder
water. These new observations lead to the hypothesis of the multiplicity of the origins of the introduction of the species
and suggest possible invasive potentialities. The general thallus, and more particularly the number, the shape as well as
the arrangement of ramelli on fronds allowed us to identify four morphologically different groups. These groups could be either
different systematic entities or polymorphic variations of the same taxon due to different ecological conditions.Caulerpa taxifolia was observed for the first time in Tunisia at the roadstead of Sousse in the beginning of the year 2000. It is recognized
as identical to that found in the other Mediterranean localities (GenBank number AJ228960). Up to the end of March 2000, a
submarine prospecting campaign revealed an affected area of about 350 ha in front of 2 km of coast. Colonies ofCaulerpa taxifolia disseminating in this area appear in isolated spots. form, In the growing stage, they form surfaces varying between 0.5 to
6 m2 and located 20 to 100 m from each other. The total covered surface was estimated to be between 0.5 and 1 ha. 相似文献
554.
PETER HIETZ† 《Conservation biology》2005,19(2):391-399
Abstract: Coffee plantations have replaced many lower-montane forests in the Neotropics, and ongoing intensification is converting traditional polycultures with a variety of shade trees to plantations with no or monospecific shade trees. To evaluate the impact of coffee cultivation on epiphyte diversity, I surveyed vascular epiphytes on shade trees in nine different coffee plantations and compared records with those in four natural forests in central Veracruz, Mexico. Eighty-nine species occurred in coffee plantations, and 104 species occurred in natural forests. The number of epiphytic species in traditional polycultures with old shade trees, mostly of the genus Inga , was similar to that in forests, but plantations with small trees and sparse shade hosted fewer epiphytes than those with large trees. Epiphyte communities were, however, more homogeneous in coffee plantations than in forests, possibly because of a drier microclimate and the lack of large and long-lived trees. These results demonstrate the value of traditional polycultures for epiphyte diversity, show the importance of conserving large shade trees, and suggest that these coffee systems may not be suitable for all epiphytes. 相似文献
555.
Performance of Macrolichens and Lichen Genera as Indicators of Lichen Species Richness and Composition 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
《Conservation biology》2005,19(4):1051-1062
556.
The Value of Biodiversity in Reserve Selection: Representation, Species Weighting, and Benefit Functions 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
ANNI ARPONEN§ RISTO K. HEIKKINEN† CHRIS D. THOMAS‡ ATTE MOILANEN 《Conservation biology》2005,19(6):2009-2014
Abstract: The limited availability of resources for conservation has led to the development of many quantitative methods for selecting reserves that aim to maximize the biodiversity value of reserve networks. In published analyses, species are often considered equal, although some are in much greater need of protection than others. Furthermore, representation is usually treated as a threshold: a species is either represented or not, but varying levels of representation over or under a given target level are not valued differently. We propose that a higher representation level should also have higher value. We introduce a framework for reserve selection that includes species weights and benefit functions for under- and overrepresentation (number of locations for each species). We applied the method to conservation planning for herb-rich forests in southern Finland. Our use of benefit functions and weighting changed the identity of about 50% of the selected sites at different funding levels and improved the representation of rare and threatened species. We also identified a small area of additional land that would substantially enhance the existing reserve network. We suggest that benefit functions and species weighting should be considered as standard options in reserve-selection applications. 相似文献
557.
Use of Substitute Species in Conservation Biology 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Abstract: In conservation biology, researchers often want to study the reasons why an endangered population is faring poorly but are unable to study it directly for logistical or political reasons. Instead they study a species that substitutes for the one of concern in the hope that it will cast light on the conservation problem. Here we outline the assumptions underlying this approach. Substitutes can be different populations or species and may be chosen because they are similar biologically to the target or representatives of a constellation of species of which the target is one. They also may be used to develop a predictive model to which the conservation target can be related. For substitutes to be appropriate, they should share the same key ecological or behavioral traits that make the target sensitive to environmental disturbance and the relationship between population vital rates and level of disturbance should match that of the target. These conditions are unlikely to pertain in most circumstances and the use of substitute species to predict endangered populations' responses to disturbance is questionable. 相似文献
558.
生态住宅小区的水环境生态规划--以东莞"森林·湖"小区为例 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3
生态住宅已成为住宅建设的发展趋势和潮流,水环境是生态住宅小区的重要组成部分.以东莞"森林·湖"生态住宅小区的建设为实例,探讨生态住宅小区的水环境规划,特别突出目前楼盘建设中缺少考虑的水环境生态综合技术、中水回用问题、开发进程中的水环境变化及其相应的生态策略,为生态住宅小区的水环境建设提供范例. 相似文献
559.
560.
The extent of spatial partitioning in insectivorous bats, whose prey is patchily distributed and transient in nature, remains a contentious issue. The recent separation of a common Palaearctic bat, the pipistrelle, into Pipistrellus pipistrellus and Pipistrellus pygmaeus, which are morphologically similar and sympatric, provides an opportunity to examine this question. The present study used radio telemetry to address the spatial distribution and foraging characteristics of P. pipistrellus and P. pygmaeus in northeast Scotland, to test the hypothesis that coexistence between these species is facilitated through spatial segregation. We reveal large and significant differences in the spatial distribution and foraging characteristics of these two cryptic species. Individual P. pipistrellus home ranges were on average three times as large as that of P. pygmaeus, and they foraged for approximately an hour longer each night. Inter-specific spatial overlap was minimal (<5%) and core foraging areas of either species were essentially mutually exclusive despite the proximity of the two roosts. Inter-specific differences in range size were associated with the spatial dispersion of productive foraging sites within individual foraging ranges. P. pipistrellus foraging sites were highly dispersed, necessitating larger ranges. It is predicted that the spatial segregation revealed by the present study is a result of selection favouring the avoidance of competition in these species through differential habitat use. 相似文献