突发事件警报通知系统关键要素规划技术研究*

为了解决自然灾害或生产安全事故风险影响区域的警报通知问题,针对突发事件警报通知系统规划与建设过程中的关键要素,通过相关突发事件特征归纳总结、警报通知需求分析、法规要求与现实差距对比等方法,结合国内外相关标准和研究成果,总结、提炼出规划和建设高时效性警报通知系统必须考虑的关键要素,并研究相关警报通知实现技术的适用性。最后,结合西南某油气开采企业的突发事件警报通知系统规划与建设实际,分析该企业警报通知系统的特点并有针对性地提出优化建议。研究结果可对相关企业或政府开展警报通知系统的规划与建设提供参考和借鉴。     

城市高污染燃料禁燃区规划方法及案例研究

在总结高污染燃料禁燃区实际规划过程中的经验、参考已有的大气污染控制规划方法的基础上,针对目前高污染燃料禁燃区规划实践中的不足,将情景分析法、模型分析法以及地理信息系统技术(GIS)应用于规划中,提出并发展了一套解决城市或地区高污染燃料禁燃区规划的整体技术方案,并通过该方法体系在珠海市高污染燃料禁燃区规划中的实际案例分析,显示了该方法的可行性与可操作性,为全国其他城市的高污染燃料禁燃区的合理规划提供了一个实例和参考。     

线性规划法计算工业区大气承载力的探讨

分析了目前我国常用的模拟法、线性规划法和A-P值法三种大气承载力计算方法各自的缺点和局限性,探讨了线性规划法在工业园区规划环评大气承载力计算中的应用。以福建省某石化工业园区为实例,采用线性规划法计算了大气环境对SO2的承载力并用模拟法进行验证,计算结果10846t/a与模拟法结果13141t/a吻合性较好,表明线性规划法是计算区域大气承载力的科学可行的方法。     

我国规划环评相关技术问题探析

中国是立法认可规划环评并作为促进环境保护和可持续发展重要手段的亚洲国家之一。由于我国环评法2003年9月1日才施行,可以说我国规划环评技术尚处于探索中。文章回顾了国际上和我国规划(战略)环评的主流概念、主要任务、基本型式和总体技术路线,提出了我国规划环评的主要任务及适宜的基本型式和总体技术路线。     

Advancing indigenous self-determination through endangered species protection: Idaho gray wolf recovery

As part of the right of indigenous cultures to self-determination, several international bodies have recognized and addressed the role of indigenous communities in natural resources management, including the conservation of biodiversity. In the United States, disagreements regarding the application of the federal Endangered Species Act to Native American tribes have hindered the relationship between the federal and tribal governments on endangered species recovery. Our research examines the efforts of one Native American tribe, the Nez Perce, and the United States federal government to collaborate on federal gray wolf recovery in central Idaho. We interviewed members of the Nez Perce Tribe and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service to characterize their relationship and explore the context in which the recovery program was implemented. Respondents attributed the success of the biological aspects of wolf recovery to the robustness of the wolf as a species and to close interagency coordination at the operational level. However, differences of opinion existed between the Tribe and Service concerning program funding, policy planning, and the rights and role of the Tribe in wolf management via co-management and cooperative management regimes. Respondents from both governments noted a clear hierarchical relationship at the strategic level, where policy planning and decision-making rested with the federal government. Lessons drawn from this case study can be applied across the international spectrum to improving partnerships, particularly at the strategic level, between indigenous and non-indigenous governance structures for protecting endangered species.     

苏州盛泽湖湿地生态恢复初探

湿地是分布于陆生生态系统和水生生态系统之间具有独特水文、土壤、植被与生物特征的生态系统。盛泽湖是位于苏州相城区东北部的天然浅水湖泊,东临阳澄湖,面积为3.86 km^2。由于当地居民对湖泊进行过度养殖和捕捞、大量的围湖造田和进行农业生产建设、工农业废水和生活污水直接排入水体及湿地附近砖瓦厂的取土等原因引起盛泽湖湿地的生态退化。用生态规划的方法来探讨如何对盛泽湖湿地进行生态恢复,并从环境效益、社会效益和经济效益来分析规划方案实施后的效果。     

浑河沈阳段污水排放口最优规划研究

针对沈阳市经济发展和污染加剧的特点,为合理充分利用浑河水环境容量,节约投资,建立了浑河沈阳段主要排污口最优化模型,并应用分段线性化对该模型进行了线性化,进而确定排污口最优化线性模型,最后通过M atlab软件求解出各排放口的污水允许排放浓度及最低的处理费用。     

新农村建设中的环境问题与规划对策

文章对新世纪农村环境问题的内涵进行了探讨,结合新农村规划的实践提出了有针对性的建议与对策,并进一步以新农村建设中产业选择和污水处理问题为例进行了具体的分析研究。     

天目山保护区有效管理的成就和展望

天目山国家级保护区加入世界生物圈保护区网络已经10年,为了更好地保护其生物多样性和文化多样性,并可持续地利用好该保护区的自然资源,需适应客观形势发展的要求,把天目山国家级保护区建成为名副其实的生物圈保护区。采用现场实地考察、社区居民访谈、保护区管理者和政府人员座谈、历史资料查询等方法,了解到天目山保护区在自然资源保护、科研监测、教育培训、资源持续利用和生态旅游等方面取得了不少的成绩,但也存在诸如保护区面积尚欠不够、毛竹林资源能否合理利用和柳杉林的衰亡与病虫害的防治等问题。按照生物圈保护区的管理理念并参照以上的调查和思考,提出下列3条建议：一是扩大保护区的面积,二是建立一个完善的保护区共管机制,三是建立学术顾问委员会协助推动保护区各方面的工作。     

Current state and long-term changes of the <Emphasis Type="Italic">Crenomytilus grayanus</Emphasis> community in Vostok Bay,Sea of Japan

The composition and structure of the Gray mussel (Crenomytilus grayanus) community in Vostok Bay of the Sea of Japan have been studied. A total of 165 species have been identified in the macrobenthos. Its species composition has changed insignificantly since the 1970s. The total biomass of the biocenosis has decreased, and the size-age composition of the C. grayanus population has changed due to poaching. The trophic structure of the community has also changed, with the Shannon indices of species diversity and equitability (E) becoming lower, due to intensive organic pollution of Vostok Bay resulting from increasing recreational activities and sewage discharge.