纳米储氢材料贮存使用安全评估方法研究

储氢材料贮存使用的安全可靠性是安全工程和可靠性领域中的特殊问题 ,纳米储氢材料的使用 ,其安全性和贮存可靠性同时占有重要地位。笔者依据纳米储氢材料使用和在正常贮存状态下的失效特点 ,应用Poisson过程理论建立纳米储氢材料使用和贮存安全性评估数学模型和统计分析方法 ,给出了在一定置信度下纳米储氢材料贮存寿命与可靠度之间的关系表达式。为纳米储氢材料和新型能源材料研究和使用等提供了理论基础和应用控制的方法。     

水泥土搅拌桩复合地基静载试验检测法的安全度分析

在检测水泥土搅拌桩复合地基的承载力能否达到设计要求时 ,最常用的方法是单桩静载试验法和复合地基静载试验法。工程实践中发现 ,采用这两种静载试验方法得到的检测结果存在较大差异。笔者根据水泥土搅拌桩的基本特性 ,结合工程实例 ,对这两种静载试验检测结果存在的差异及其安全度进行比较分析 ,得出单桩静载试验法结果的安全度高于复合地基试验法结果的结论 ,因此 ,提出了一些合理化建议     

HSE管理体系的实践、问题与对策研究

介绍了HSE管理体系的概念和内涵及中国石油天然气集团公司 (CNPC)实施HSE管理体系的概况。分析了目前CNPC实施HSE管理体系所遇到的主要问题 ,其中包括观念问题、组织问题和技术问题。并针对这些问题提出了相应的解决思路和措施 ,其中包括 :管理层观念的确立 ,对职工持续的教育 ,对技术的重视以及对现有组织制度有碍于HSE实施的部分进行改革。     

Mental models of safety: do managers and employees see eye to eye?

PROBLEM: Disagreements between managers and employees about the causes of accidents and unsafe work behaviors can lead to serious workplace conflicts and distract organizations from the important work of establishing positive safety climate and reducing the incidence of accidents. METHOD AND RESULTS: In this study, the authors examine a model for predicting safe work behaviors and establish the model's consistency across managers and employees in a steel plant setting. Using the model previously described by Brown, Willis, and Prussia (2000), the authors found that when variables influencing safety are considered within a framework of safe work behaviors, managers and employees share a similar mental model. The study then contrasts employees' and managers' specific attributional perceptions. Findings from these more fine-grained analyses suggest the two groups differ in several respects about individual constructs. Most notable were contrasts in attributions based on their perceptions of safety climate. When perceived climate is poor, managers believe employees are responsible and employees believe managers are responsible for workplace safety. However, as perceived safety climate improves, managers and employees converge in their perceptions of who is responsible for safety. IMPACT ON INDUSTRY: It can be concluded from this study that in a highly interdependent work environment, such as a steel mill, where high system reliability is essential and members possess substantial experience working together, managers and employees will share general mental models about the factors that contribute to unsafe behaviors, and, ultimately, to workplace accidents. It is possible that organizations not as tightly coupled as steel mills can use such organizations as benchmarks, seeking ways to create a shared understanding of factors that contribute to a safe work environment. Part of this improvement effort should focus on advancing organizational safety climate. As climate improves, managers and employees are likely to agree more about the causes of safe/unsafe behaviors and workplace accidents, ultimately increasing their ability to work in unison to prevent accidents and to respond appropriately when they do occur. Finally, the survey items included in this study may be useful to organizations wishing to conduct self-assessments.     

The use of supervisory practices as leverage to improve safety behavior: a cross-level intervention model

Introduction: The paper presents three intervention studies designed to modify supervisory monitoring and rewarding of subordinates' safety performance. Method: Line supervisors received weekly feedback concerning the frequency of their safety-oriented interactions with subordinates, and used this to self-monitor progress toward designated improvement goals. Managers higher up in the organizational hierarchy received the same information, coupled with synchronous data concerning the frequency of workers' safety behaviors, and highlighting co-variation of supervisory action and workers' behavior. Results: In all the companies involved, supervisory safety-oriented interaction increased significantly, resulting in significant changes in workers' safety behavior and safety climate scores. Continued improvement during the post-intervention period suggests the inclusion of workers' safety behavior as in-role supervisory responsibility. Applied and theoretical implications are discussed.     

Logging injuries for a 10-year period in Jilin Province of the People's Republic of China

PROBLEM: Logging continues to be a major source of injuries in northeast China. This paper describes logging-related injuries in the Jilin Province of the People's Republic of China. METHODS: Logging fatalities and nonfatal injuries were summarized from 1981 to 1990 in Jilin. Injury data from 1991 for the entire forestry sector in China were also analyzed. RESULTS: Fatalities were mainly from of head injuries and were caused by being struck by an object. Nonfatal injuries were most often to the lower extremities and the head and were normally caused by being struck by an object or a fall or slip. The majority of both fatal and nonfatal logging injuries occurred to workers with less than 1 year of employment and those under 35 years old. Most injuries occurred November through March in Jilin. IMPACT ON INDUSTRY: Patterns of logging injury in Jilin of China were similar, but not identical, to those described in other studies of logging injuries worldwide. Methods found to be effective in reducing logging-related injuries in other parts of the world might be used in China to reduce the injuries associated with logging.     

关于危险货物安全运输信息咨询及抢险系统的探讨

从当前铁路危险货物的安全运输现状入手,提出建立危险货物信息咨询及抢险系统。将计算机互联技术运用到危险货物安全运输领域,对于加强信息交流、保障职工人身安全和国家财产安全都具有重大意义。     

一种新型的煤气回火安全装置

介绍了一种新型的煤气回火安全装置,说明了它的工作原理,主要参数,工艺结构等,叙述了其研制过程和应用情况。     

事故隐患防治与超前安全教育的哲学思考

应用辩证唯物主义的哲学观念,阐述了事故隐患的特征和规律,对隐患类型进行归纳,确定其防治对策──超前安全教育。阐述安全超前教育特点,要求着力处理解决８个方面的问题,以利于科学地掌握安全超前教育方法。     

企业安全文化与安全教育初探

论述了企业安全文化的作用,以及企业安全文化与安全教育的关系,提出安全教育是安全文化建设最根本、最有效途径。