虚拟仪器技术在特种设备安全检测领域中的应用研究

笔者将虚拟仪器技术应用到矿用绞车、起重机、电梯等特种设备的安全检测、运行状态监测及设备故障诊断 ,通过LabVIEW图形化编程语言编制的软件系统 ,实现信号运算、分析、处理 ,从而实现各种测试。该技术的研究与开发是电子技术、计算机技术、检测技术、机械工程技术的有机结合 ,是现代设备安全检测技术的一次创新。根据河南省经贸委组织的技术鉴定结论认为 ,该项目成果填补了国内特种设备安全检测方面的空白 ,具有国内领先水平 ,对保障人员的人身安全 ,提高设备运行的可靠性有着重要的社会意义和经济价值     

锚杆支护巷道安全监测技术

锚杆支护巷道顶板冒落具有突发性和冒落面积大的特点 ,安全监测非常必要。笔者介绍了国内近年来最新研制的CM— 2 0 0型测力锚杆、GYS— 30 0型锚杆 (索 )测力计、LBY— 3型顶板离层指示仪、ZW— 4型遥测多点位移计等监测仪器 ;提出锚杆支护巷道动态信息施工方法 :监测施工、监测信息反馈、检验和修正设计 ,循环往复 ,以达到最佳施工效果。     

大秦线重载运输安全保障系统的研究

笔者针对大秦线重载运输安全保障工作的特点 ,提出了对大秦线重载运输安全保障系统的综合性、信息化、系统性和适应性要求 ,同时结合大秦线划归大同分局统一单独管理的特性 ,研究了以保证运输安全为核心的大秦线重载运输安全保障系统的四层结构 ;即系统除常规执行层、综合信息层和管理层日常运行指挥系统外 ,还增加了战略决策层 ,并对各任务层的构成和功能分别进行了重点论述。该系统在大同分局进行了初步试验并获得成功 ,因而为未来我国进一步研究重载运输安全保障系统提供了非常有价值的参考。     

煤矿安全从业人员心理测评研究

人为因素是导致我国各类煤矿安全事故屡禁不止的重要原因 ,为了寻求解决这一难题的有效办法 ,笔者对煤矿作业对人提出的安全心理素质要求进行了探讨 ,对煤矿从业人员的心理因素与安全生产关系进行了工作分析与职务分析 ,建立了以能力与非能力因素为基本内容的心理测试指标体系并对这一体系的科学性进行了验证。应用实践表明 ,该体系为从根本上解决煤矿安全问题提供了一种新的途径。     

From the traditional concept of safety management to safety integrated with quality

This editorial reviews the evolution of the concepts of safety and quality that have been used in the traditional workplace. The traditional programs of safety are explored showing strengths and weaknesses. The concept of quality management is also viewed. Safety management and quality management principles, stages, and measurement are highlighted. The concepts of quality and safety guarantee are assessed. Total Quality Management concepts are reviewed and applied to safety quality. Total safety management principles are discussed. Finally, an analysis of the relationship between quality and safety from data collected from a company in Spain is presented.     

Occupational safety and health in Spain

Occupational Health and Safety in Spain has improved considerably over the last decade, most likely due to a new concept where an overall concept of safety culture is defined. Important changes in industrial safety, hygiene, and psychosocial factors present an optimistic panorama for the future of Spain. Despite this general improvement, according to the European Convergence Program, Spanish statistics still offer far from good safety results. In fact, according to 1997 official statistics, Spain had the highest incidence rate for nonfatal occupational accidents of all European Union (EU) countries, and occupied third place for fatal accidents. This paper summarizes the organizational structure of the Spanish National System of Health & Safety at Work, its effective health and safety laws, and statistics on the Spanish work environment obtained from III Spanish National Survey on Work Conditions (1997). The researchers hope that the findings of this work will have an impact on Spanish industry that will subsequently bring about improvements in work conditions and develop assessment and intervention models in occupational health and safety, from a theoretical position integrating environmental, human, and organizational factors.     

Offshore safety case approach and formal safety assessment of ships

PROBLEM: Tragic marine and offshore accidents have caused serious consequences including loss of lives, loss of property, and damage of the environment. METHOD: A proactive, risk-based "goal setting" regime is introduced to the marine and offshore industries to increase the level of safety. DISCUSSION: To maximize marine and offshore safety, risks need to be modeled and safety-based decisions need to be made in a logical and confident way. Risk modeling and decision-making tools need to be developed and applied in a practical environment. SUMMARY: This paper describes both the offshore safety case approach and formal safety assessment of ships in detail with particular reference to the design aspects. The current practices and the latest development in safety assessment in both the marine and offshore industries are described. The relationship between the offshore safety case approach and formal ship safety assessment is described and discussed. Three examples are used to demonstrate both the offshore safety case approach and formal ship safety assessment. The study of risk criteria in marine and offshore safety assessment is carried out. The recommendations on further work required are given. IMPACT ON INDUSTRY: This paper gives safety engineers in the marine and offshore industries an overview of the offshore safety case approach and formal ship safety assessment. The significance of moving toward a risk-based "goal setting" regime is given.     

薄膜结构在动风荷载下的安全性能分析

从理论和实践两方面对薄膜结构在风荷载下的安全性能进行了研究。根据随机过程理论 ,用计算机模拟生成具有空间相关性的风场。发展建立了膜结构几何非线性动力响应问题的有限元公式 ,并以此为基础对一具体的膜结构进行了动力时程响应分析。通过观察膜结构在不同风速下的位移时程曲线 ,笔者发现 :当外界风速小于一定的临界风速时 ,结构的位移响应会逐渐趋于稳态 ,结构的振动逐渐趋于稳定 ,这时结构是安全的 ;当外界风速超过或接近临界风速时 ,结构的振幅会逐渐增大 ,膜结构将可能发生驰振损坏。进而提出了通过增大膜内预应力或提高膜曲面的曲率来防止膜结构风振破坏的方法 ,并指出了在设计和施工中为保证膜结构的风振安全应当采取的措施。     

城市轨道交通现代安全管理体系构建初探

笔者分析了城市轨道交通安全管理的现状，从系统的角度挖掘导致事故发生的管理缺陷原因；提出保证轨道交通安全的根本出路在于建立现代企业安全管理体系；研讨了安全管理系统的运行机理，规范了保证系统、控制系统、信息系统贯穿在全过程管理的功能和作用；提出以信息系统为基础的旨在对安全生产进行事前、事中、事后控制的安全管理体系，并对该体系的结构和内容进行了分析和讨论。通过所研究的安全管理体系的成果，对城市轨道交通安全管理的现状改善、为适应城市轨道交通安全管理的现代化提供了新的思路和途径，也推动和丰富了城市轨道交通安全管理体系的学科建设。     

交通事故的时间分布规律

交通事故已成为威胁人民生命、财产安全的社会公害之一。笔者利用国内外有关交通事故数据进行统计分析,对交通事故发生的时间特征进行研究,为改善交通安全状况提供理论基础。运用统计分析、对比分析方法,分析国外不同国家和我国交通事故年时间分布规律的波峰曲线,得出我国交通事故逐年上升的势头有望得到遏制,使人们对战胜交通事故灾害充满信心。分析交通事故小时时间分布曲线,得出交通事故高峰小时出现在交通量高峰小时之后,两者不重合,死亡高峰时段(危险时段)多发生在夜晚等结论。该结论对采取针对不同时间内降低交通事故的教育、管理、工程等安全对策具有实用价值。