谈企业建立与完善安全生产管理约束机制

在发展社会主义市场经济的过程中，企业是安全生产管理的主体，通过完善自我约束机制，逐步从靠人的管理转向靠机制管理，使安全生产管理步入良性循环，实现安全文明生产     

安全投入问题

论述了生产特征与安全投入的关系以及安全投入的属性、体系和内涵,提出需求和能力决定安全投入的一些建议。     

安全系统工程的回顾与展望

回顾了系统工程在安全领域中应用的情况,并指出国内使用的名词“安全系统工程”与“系统安全工程”在含义上是有区别的,认为在安全领域中应制定名词统一标准。文章还讨论了安全系统工程的展望。     

安全法应成为一个独立的法律部门——安全法学初探之一

安全法是国隶制定并保证实施的法律规范。安全立法的根本目的是保障人类的安全与健康.促进社会和生产的发展。我国党和政府历来十分重视安全立法工作,国家制定的各种安全法律规范已达到了相当的程度,由于安全法有着自己的调整对象和自己的特点,同时社会经济发展和生产也需要,所以安全法应成为一个独立的法律部门。     

易燃易爆工艺管线焊接缺陷安全评定——上海石化总厂工艺管线的安全评定及其缺陷的返修技术

本文以断裂力学为基础,以“合乎使用”为原则并依据流变应力理论,通过有效地解决无损检测,应力分析、缺陷分类及验收准则等方面所遇到的若干技术问题,对管道焊接缺陷进行了安全评定,正确地区分了严重缺陷和非严重缺陷,从而对评定管道焊接缺陷的严重性提出了一种既安全可靠又经济合理的工程处理法。这一方法已被成功地用于上海石化总厂,对其部分在役易燃易爆工艺管线进行了安全评定并解决了超标焊接缺陷的修复问题。     

安全文化在安全生产工作中的作用

文章探讨了安全文化投入到安全生产领域的过程,叙述了对安全文化的认识及其工作的发挥和开展的保证。     

全地面汽车起重机制动安全性能分析

在对全地面多轴汽车起重机进行结构分析和受力分析的前提下,着重研究了多轴汽车起重机整机、制动系统及各组成部分对整车制动安全性能的影响,并以ＱＹＵ１６０ 为例,对整车制动安全性能进行了分析计算和试验研究,两者结果相吻合。     

水电施工现场生产用电安全评价

概述了我国水电工程施工企业的施工现场用电安全情况和发展形势,分析了施工触电事故的一般规律性,提出了水电施工现场用电安全评价方法及安全分级标准。采用的评价表法具有科学性、现实性和操作性。     

Safety with access scaffolds: development of a prototype decision aid based on accident analysis

PROBLEM: Accidents involving temporary access systems, particularly temporary scaffolds, account for a large proportion of injuries in the construction industry worldwide. METHOD: This paper outlines the development of a prototype decision aid (SCAFPASS, an abbreviation for Scaffold Planning Aid for System Safety) to promote access scaffold safety. It was guided by an examination of the root-causes and management deficiencies apparent in: (a) paper-based files of 186 access-related incidents held by the Health and Safety Executive (HSE) in the UK; and (b) computer-based files of 2,910 incidents appearing in the HSE database between 1997 to 2000. RESULTS: The more frequent root-causes included the fitting of defective components, unauthorized modification of the structure, omission of barriers, and errors resulting in simple, readily detectable structural faults. Common managerial deficiencies included failure to control risk, unsafe methods and procedures, and inadequate training and supervision. IMPACT ON INDUSTRY: SCAFPASS aims to avoid these root-causes by improving safety management from the outset and throughout all phases of a project.     

Age differences in safety attitudes and safety performance in Hong Kong construction workers

PROBLEM: Safety in the construction industry is a major issue in Hong Kong, representing about 46% of all occupational injuries in 1998. This study explored linear and curvilinear relations between age and safety performance (accident rates and occupational injuries), as well as safety attitudes, in construction workers in Hong Kong. METHOD: A Chinese version of the Safety Attitude Questionnaire (SAQ by Donald & Canter) was developed and administered to a sample of Chinese construction workers (N=374, 366 males, 8 females) from 27 construction sites. RESULTS: Accident rates were not related to age. Occupational injuries were related to age in a curvilinear manner, with injuries at first increasing with age, then decreasing. Two safety attitude scales were related to age with older workers exhibiting more positive attitudes to safety. If age and tenure are controlled, some attitude scales are predictors of safety performance. IMPACT ON INDUSTRY: Management/supervisors, team leaders, and workers are all responsible for safety, and any negative bias toward older construction workers is unfounded.