矿井安全状况的解释结构建模法(ISM)分析

依据影响矿井安全状况的 13个因素之间存在的逻辑关系 ,运用系统工程中的解释结构建模(ISM)方法进行了定性处理 ,建立了影响矿井安全状况因素的多级递阶结构模型。在该模型中 ,13个因素分为 6个级别 ,即事故和职业病 ;危险因素和有害因素 ;安全技术 ;开采和生产装备 ;矿井自然条件、矿区环境和安全投入 ;生产人员素质、安全管理和发展。通过模型 ,揭示了因素之间的纵向和横向关系 ,明了各因素对矿井安全状况的影响程度 ,为建立和完善矿井安全状况评价结构模型 ,确定模型中各因素的权重值 ,以及制定矿井生产安全对策措施提供了科学依据。     

Operator-centred local error management in air traffic control

Introduction: A large number of air traffic control occurrences take place without resulting in loss of separation between aircraft. Unfortunately such occurrences are seldom reported and therefore not used for disclosing system weaknesses, such as inappropriate methods and procedures.The ATCC (Air Traffic Control Centre) Malmoe made a trial with local reporting of “learning occurrences”. The trial was ATCO-(Air Traffic Controller) centred. The study objectives were to evaluate if ATCOs would start to report after a defined training and marketing effort, if they could identify system weaknesses, if concrete actions for safety improvement would be taken as a result of the trial and to what extent expert support was necessary.Method and material: The trial period was eight months. The ATCO report would be made on a simple form, available on site. These reports would then be analysed in groups and the marketing and feedback efforts would be co-ordinated by the local flight safety group.Results: 43 reports were filed and analysed during the trial period. The initial motivational training and marketing was considered adequate. During the group discussions, the ATCOs identified system weaknesses within 40 of the reports. The resulting safety improvement actions included: the ATCC unit becoming more active in contacting the pilots and airline companies, the renaming of some waypoints (due to name similarities), the implementation of safer procedures when relieving ATCOs, the training of ATCOs in cockpit flight management systems, and the initiation of a research project primarily concerned with ATCO mental overload.Expert support was required in the beginning to help ATCOs focus on the system rather than on the individual.     

井控模拟培训系统的研制

在钻井过程中，了解和掌握钻井工艺和发生井喷时的救援应急措施，可以防止和减少井喷造成的损失。本文讨论了三维动画技术在钻井工程中的应用，并详细介绍了研制开发的井控模拟培训系统的软硬件构成。     

系统安全性与可靠性分析的故障树方法

探讨了大型复杂系统安全性与可靠性分析的故障树技术。阐述了国外具有代表性的几种建树方法。针对实际应用情况,提出了将建树过程划分为5个阶段,应遵循的8条基本准則。导出了典型系统可靠度与故障率等可靠性参数计算的通用公式。论述了故障树分析方法的特点及发展动向。     

An integrated and pragmatic approach: Global plant safety management

The Bhopal disaster in India in 1984 has compelled manufacturing companies to review their operations in order to minimize their risk exposure. Much study has been done on the subject of risk assessment and in refining safety reviews of plant operations. However, little work has been done to address the broader needs of decision makers in the multinational environment. The corporate headquarters of multinational organizations are concerned with identifying vulnerable areas to assure that appropriate risk-minimization measures are in force or will be taken. But the task of screening global business units for safety prowess is complicated and time consuming. This article takes a step towards simplifying this process by presenting the decisional model developed by the authors. Beginning with an overview of key issues affecting global safety management, the focus shifts to the multinational vulnerability model developed by the authors, which reflects an integration of approaches. The article concludes with a discussion of areas for further research. While the global chemical industry and major incidents therein are used for illustration, the procedures and solutions suggested here are applicable to all manufacturing operations.     

重大危险源的辨识与控制

危险源控制是安全工作的中心任务。为了有效地控制危险源，首先必须辨识危险源，评价其导致事故的危险性，寻求其控制方法和措施。本大提出了两类危险源的概念，并以某乙烯厂Ｂ罐区为例，探讨两类危险源辨识与控制的基本原则和方法。     

海塘工程安全分析与防台抗潮决策支持技术

风暴潮期间海塘工程的安全是防汛工作的重要问题。本文对海塘工程安全的影响因素进行了分析，提出了海塘工程安全预警的思路，并将决策支持系统这一新技术引入防台抗潮的决策工作中，以提高决策人的决策能力。     

航空工业安全评价的理论与实践

根据航空工业总公司颁发试行的《工厂安全性评价规程》及其在企业的实施结果，阐述了该项工作的理论性和实践性均符合我国航空工业的实际情况。特别在深化改革、扩大开放、推行社会主义市场经济的形势下，安全评价是规范工厂，实现安全工作现代化的良好途径。     

建筑安全管理的系统定义与评价

在系统论与控制论的背景下，定义建筑安全管理作为社会时效系统的控制模型、应用评价方程式，既可以定量地评价各种条件下建筑安全管理的绩效，又可以指导社会与企业建筑安全管理工作，实现建筑安全管理工作科学化与规范化。     

关于扭转我国安全生产严峻局面的几点建议

简要论述了建国以来数次事故高峰和当前安全生产面临的严峻局面，分析了事故高发和职业危害严重的主要原因及隐患整治、重大危险源控制、安全法制、安全生产管理体制、职工素质、舆论监督、伤亡事故统计、经济处罚等方面存在的问题，提出了控制对策和建议。