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951.
电化学方法生成羟基自由基及其在酸性铬蓝降解脱色中的应用1) 总被引:26,自引:3,他引:23
在电解槽中,以Na2SO4为支持电解质,多孔石墨电极为阴极,金属铁为阳极,在10mA·cm-2的阴极电流密度下,电解生成的过氧化氢与阳极溶解的Fe2+进行反应,生成羟基自由基(Fenton试剂),进而对有机染料进行氧化反应,使其不饱和双键断裂,从而达到有机染料降解、脱色的目的,在生成Fentonn试剂的反应中,Fe2+被氧化为 Fe3+,生成的 Fe3+在阴极得电子后重新被还原为Fe2+,因此,在电解槽中 Fe2+起着催化剂的作用.COD的去除率大于80%,脱色率达100%.脱色速率的测定表明其为一级反应,反应速度常数k等于l.98 × 10-4s-1. 相似文献
952.
Huang DJ Zhang YM Song G Long J Liu JH Ji WH 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2007,128(1-3):483-488
The Yellow River, the second largest river in China, is the most important resource of water supply in North China. In the
last 40 years, even in the upper Yellow River, with the development of industry and agriculture, more and more contaminants
have been discharged into this river and greatly polluted the water. Although a routine chemical component analysis has been
performed, little is known about the real toxic effects of the polluted water on organisms at environmental level. To explore
whether the pollutants induced oxidative stress and damage to aquatic organisms, malondialdehyde (MDA) level and activities
of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) in hepatopancreas,
kidney and intestine of the field-collected carp Cyprinus carpio from a mixed polluted (Lanzhou Region, LZR) and a relatively unpolluted (Liujiaxia Region, LJXR) sites of the upper Yellow
River were measured. The results showed that when the values of LZR compared with those of LJXR, SOD and GST activities increased
and GPx activity decreased significantly in all the three organs (P < 0.05–0.01); CAT activity decreased but MDA level increased significantly (P < 0.05–0.01) only in kidney and intestine. In conclusion, the results of this study suggest that the pollutants can induce
obvious oxidative damage in the carp, and the SOD, GST and GPx might be better indicators for the oxidative damage in aquatic
organisms. 相似文献
953.
Maggos T Plassais A Bartzis JG Vasilakos Ch Moussiopoulos N Bonafous L 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2008,136(1-3):35-44
Titanium dioxide is the most important photocatalysts used for purifying applications. If a TiO2- containing material is left outdoors as a form of flat panels, it is activated by sunlight to remove harmful NOx gases during
the day. The photocatalytic efficiency of a TiO2-treated mortar for removal of NOx was investigated in the frame of this work. For this purpose a fully equipped monitoring
system was designed at a pilot site. This system allows the in situ evaluation of the de-polluting properties of a photocatalytic
material by taking into account the climatologic phenomena in street canyons, accurate measurements of pollution level and
full registration of meteorological data The pilot site involved three artificial canyon streets, a pollution source, continuous
NOx measurements inside the canyons and the source as well as background and meteorological measurements. Significant differences
on the NOx concentration level were observed between the TiO2 treated and the reference canyon. NOx values in TiO2 canyon were 36.7 to 82.0% lower than the ones observed in the reference one. Data arising from this study could be used to
assess the impact of the photocatalytic material on the purification of the urban environment. 相似文献
954.
集约化养猪废水SBR中17β-雌二醇高效降解菌的分离鉴定及其降解特性 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
从集约化养猪废水生物处理SBR的活性污泥中分离到3株高效降解17β-雌二醇(E2)的菌株,分别命名为ha、chs和hc。研究表明,这3株菌以E2为惟一碳源,在4 d内对初始浓度为1 mg/L E2的降解率为70%~95%。25℃条件下菌ha、chs和hc的一级反应动力学常数分别为0.0086、0.072和0.013。在温度为37℃时,3株菌的降解效率最高,在高浓度的氨氮和碱性pH的条件下,这3株菌均存在降解作用。其中,pH 9.05时,一级动力学常数菌ha降至0.0066,菌chs升至0.076,菌hc降至0.012。同时,在添加C源后,对降解有促进作用,并且C/N比在15∶1时降解效果较好。3株菌的一级反应动力学常数分别升到0.027、0.73和0.021。经16S rRNA基因序列分析鉴定为枯草芽孢肝菌(Bacillus subtilis)。 相似文献
955.
以重庆某非规范填埋场为例,针对西南地区已封场非规范垃圾填埋场的稳定化进程进行了分析。按照场地布局选取4个采样点,在垃圾体上进行钻孔取样,分析不同深度的垃圾样pH值、有机质、含水率、生物可降解度以及垃圾样浸出液和填埋气组成以及各个指标随着填埋深度的变化规律,确定不同深度垃圾体的稳定化程度。结果表明,场内垃圾已呈现矿化垃圾特征;有机质、BDM、浸出液COD以及填埋气CH4含量等4个指标与填埋深度均较好地符合一级降解反应,可以预测垃圾体稳定化临界填埋深度。根据有机质、BDM、浸出液COD以及填埋气CH4含量等4个指标与填埋深度一级降解反应函数预测临界稳定化深度为15 m,与实测值判定的稳定化填埋深度相一致性。在对非规范垃圾填埋场场地利用过程中,需要先对未稳定的上层垃圾进行清理,并在已稳定的底层垃圾体上充填其他稳定介质后利用该地块。 相似文献
956.
957.
三峡库首地区土壤养分状况与年际变化 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
三峡库区长期以来人地矛盾突出,蓄水和移民搬迁使土地资源进一步减少,过度开发引起的土壤肥力下降和生态退化问题日趋严重。通过布点调查和土壤取样,对秭归县水田坝乡区域不同海拔高度和农业土地利用管理方式土壤养分状况及其变化趋势进行分析。结果表明: 研究区域内山地农业已普遍采用梯田进行保护性耕作,海拔600~700 m区域主要开辟为脐橙园,700~900 m区域山地主要种植常规作物;研究区域土壤有明显粗骨化和沙质化特性,其肥力特征是蓄水力偏弱,持水保肥性较差,但通气和透水性好,易耕作;研究区域土壤有机质含量偏低,中高海拔区域土壤有机质、全氮含量相对较高,而低海拔区域土壤全磷、全钾含量较高;坡改梯有利于改善土壤肥力状况,提高土壤氮磷养分含量;根据2005~2010年研究结果,研究区域土壤肥力退化趋势仍未得到控制,同时因水土流失和化肥大量使用,该区域大多数土壤有机质含量、全氮、全磷和全钾含量呈降低趋势,而土壤速效养分含量有增高趋势 相似文献
958.
959.
Sue Ellen C. Bottrel Camila C. Amorim Mônica M.D. Leão Elizângela P. Costa Igor A. Lacerda 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(4):263-270
In this study, photocatalytic (photo-Fenton and H2O2/UV) and dark Fenton processes were used to remove ethylenethiourea (ETU) from water. The experiments were conducted in a photo-reactor with an 80 W mercury vapor lamp. The mineralization of ETU was determined by total organic carbon analysis, and ETU degradation was qualitatively monitored by the reduction of UV absorbance at 232 nm. A higher mineralization efficiency was obtained by using the photo-peroxidation process (UV/H2O2). Approximately 77% of ETU was mineralized within 120 min of the reaction using [H2O2]0 = 400 mg L?1. The photo-Fenton process mineralized 70% of the ETU with [H2O2]0 = 800 mg L?1 and [Fe2+] = 400 mg L?1, and there is evidence that hydrogen peroxide was the limiting reagent in the reaction because it was rapidly consumed. Moreover, increasing the concentration of H2O2 from 800 mg L?1 to 1200 mg L?1 did not enhance the degradation of ETU. Kinetics studies revealed that the pseudo-second-order model best fit the experimental conditions. The k values for the UV/H2O2 and photo-Fenton processes were determined to be 6.2 × 10?4 mg L?1 min?1 and 7.7 × 10?4 mg L?1 min?1, respectively. The mineralization of ETU in the absence of hydrogen peroxide has led to the conclusion that ETU transformation products are susceptible to photolysis by UV light. These are promising results for further research. The processes that were investigated can be used to remove pesticide metabolites from drinking water sources and wastewater in developing countries. 相似文献
960.
R. A. Chapman C. R. Harris J. H. Tolman D. Dubois C. Cole 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(2):233-245
Abstract Potatoes were grown from cut seed in Plainfield sand treated in‐furrow with disulfoton (Di‐Syston 15G, 3.36 kg Al/ha) in 1983 and from whole seed in similarly treated loam in 1991. Soils were contained in 2 m2 field plots. Soil, seed potato and foliage were analyzed for the insecticide and its sulfoxide and sulfone metabolites during the 8–12 wk following planting. Disulfoton disappeared at different rates from the two soils (ksand=0.024 day‐1, kloam=0.056 day‐1) with partial conversion to the sulfoxide and sulfone in both. Larger quantities of the three insecticidal components were absorbed by the seed potato in the cut‐seed/sand combination. The relative amounts of these components in the seed potato also differed between treatments with disulfoton being the largest component of the cut‐seed/sand and smallest in the whole‐seed/loam. Disulfoton sulfoxide and sulfone were the major insecticidal components of the foliage and concentrations in the initial foliage (each ca. 10 ppm) were similar for both treatments. Sulfoxide concentrations in the foliage decreased more rapidly than the sulfone and the decrease in concentration of each of the components was similar for the two treatments. 相似文献