铜绿微囊藻溶藻菌EA-1的分离鉴定及溶藻特性

从广州流花湖分离获得一株溶藻菌株EA-1,16S rDNA分析表明菌株EA-1属于肠杆菌属（Enterobacter）.研究了肠杆菌EA-1对铜绿微囊藻的溶藻效果和溶藻机制.结果表明,对数期EA-1具有最佳溶藻效果,投加比例为10%,初始叶绿素a含量为1.43mg/L时,EA-1能实现3d内完全除藻,叶绿素a含量为2.39mg/L时,共培养6d后,抑制率为84.1%±1.3%.EA-1通过分泌胞外溶藻物质间接溶藻,生理生化响应表明,EA-1无菌滤液胁迫下,藻细胞膜脂过氧化损伤严重,超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶（APX）活性先急剧上升后下降.三维荧光光谱（EEM）表明溶藻产物为类腐殖酸,类富里酸和类蛋白类物质.扫描电子显微镜（SEM）显示藻细胞出现褶皱,内陷和萎缩现象.透射电子显微镜（TEM）显示藻细胞破坏过程为：首先,胶质层与细胞壁分离,光合片层变得松散和不规则,内含物被部分降解.随后,光合片层被彻底破坏,DNA核物质和多聚磷酸盐等营养物质颗粒被降解,藻细胞内部结构被完全破坏,藻细胞死亡.     

一株酸性大红3R脱色菌的分离、鉴定及其脱色性能研究

通过浓度梯度驯化,从厌氧污泥中分离到一株酸性大红3R脱色菌M3,根据其形态学特征及16S rRNA基因序列分析,鉴定该厌氧菌株为阴沟肠杆菌(Enterobacter cloacae).同时,研究了该菌株在厌氧静置条件下对酸性大红3R的最适脱色条件.结果表明,菌株脱色的最佳营养源为酵母粉,最适宜脱色条件为酵母粉浓度1％、pH =6.5、温度35 ℃、盐度小于4％,在此条件下,对浓度为100 mg·L-1酸性大红3R溶液厌氧静置培养72 h,脱色率达到98％以上.菌株耐盐性良好,在6％ ～8％的盐度下具有较好的脱色效果.分光光谱表明,菌株脱色机制主要为生物降解脱色.毒性试验表明,脱色后的酸性大红3R毒性明显降低.     

溴氰菊酯降解菌的筛选及其降解特性研究

以过期变质的溴氰菊酯农药为供试材料,采用细菌培养基初筛后,依据气相色谱法测定溴氰菊酯选择性培养基中溴氰菊酯降解率的复筛结果,筛选出2株(X_(09)、X_(20))溴氰菊酯降解菌.结果表明,过期变质的农药同样是筛选农药降解菌的重要资源;筛选出的2株溴氰菊酯降解菌X_(09)、X_(20)分别隶属于肠杆菌属(Enterobacter sp.)和假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas sp.).其降解温度为20～35℃,降解pH值为6～10.2株降解菌在培养温度为30℃条件下,溴氰菊酯降解率分别为65.6%和48.4%;在pit值为7.0条件下,溴溴氰菊酯的降解率分别为68.1%和49.5%;加大接种量(20%-25%)可以提高X_(09)的溴氰菊酯降解率(69.1%),添加1%的牛肉膏、葡萄糖、蔗糖可显著提高X_(20)溴氰菊酯降解率(69.3%).     

Detection, isolation, and identification of cadmium-resistant bacteria based on PCR-DGGE

This study focused on the screening of cadmium-resistant bacterial strains from Pb-Zn tailing. We investigated the diversity of microbial community inhabiting Dong-san-cha Pb-Zn tailing in Beijing, China, by polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis （DGGE） of 16S rRNA gene of bacterial strain, and found two dominant strains in the DGGE profile. Using special culture media, we isolated two strong cadmium-resistant bacterial strains. On the basis of morphological, physiological, and biochemical characteristics, BIOLOG, and 16S rDNA sequencing, the two strains were identified as Bacillus cereus and Enterobacter cloacae. Minimal inhibitory concentrations （MICs） of heavy metals for the bacteria were determined. E. cloacae showed higher MIC values for heavy metals and a larger range of antibiotic resistance than B. cereus.     

营养物质对细菌质粒pEA9：：Km在土壤中拼命转移频率的影响

用成团肠杆菌（Ｅｍｔｅｒｏｂａｃｔｅｒ ａｇｇｌｏｍｅｒａｎｓ）Ｔ７（ｐＥＡ９：：Ｋｍ）为供体菌,以Ｅ．ａ．３３９（ｐＥＡ９＾－）为受体菌在天然土壤中进行接合实验,测定各种营养物质对重组质粒ｐＥＡ９：：Ｋｍ同源接合转移频率的影响。实验发现,如果在土壤中加入生理盐水或无机盐培养基,就观察不到细菌数量的增加和质粒的转移;只有加入碳源物质后才检测到细菌数量的增加和质粒的接合转移,接合转移频率的大小位于１     

Biodegradation of s-triazine herbicide atrazine by Enterobacter cloacae and Burkholderia cepacia sp. from long-term treated sugarcane-cultivated soils in Kenya

In this study soils from sugarcane-cultivated fields were screened for bacterial species capable of atrazine (6-chloro-N²-ethyl-N⁴-isopropyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine) degradation due to long exposure of the soils to this herbicide. To enrich for atrazine degraders, Minimal Salt Medium containing atrazine as the sole N source and glucose as the C source was inoculated with soils impacted with this herbicide and incubated. Bacterial growth was monitored by measuring optical density. The degradation of atrazine was followed by measuring residual atrazine in liquid cultures over a given time period by high performance liquid chromatography. Bacterial strains isolated from the enrichment cultures were characterized by biochemical tests and identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Two bacterial strains coded ISL 8 and ISL 15 isolated from two different fields were shown to have 94 and 96% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Burkholderia cepacia respectively. Another bacterial sp., ISL 14 was closely related to Enterobacter cloacae with a 96% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. There was not much difference between the extents of atrazine degradation by the enrichment cultures with communities (79–82% applied amount) from which pure strains were isolated and the pure strains themselves in liquid cultures that showed a degradation of 53–83% of applied amount. The study showed existence of bacterial strains in different sugarcane-cultivated fields which can use atrazine as a nitrogen source. The bacterial strains isolated can be used to enhance the degradation of atrazine in contaminated soils where atrazine is still considered to be recalcitrant.     

一株高效广谱染料脱色菌脱色条件的优化

以模拟酸性大红3R染料废水为对象,在单因素实验基础上,选取温度、初始染料浓度、酵母粉浓度三因素为影响因子,以染料脱色率为响应值,利用Box-Behnken设计及响应面分析法研究了各因素对一株广谱型染料脱色菌株Enterobacter cloacae strain M3脱色效果的影响及各因素间交互作用,建立了二次多项式回归方程的预测模型,确定了菌株脱色酸性大红3R废水的优化条件。结果表明：回归方程极显著,拟合性好。最优脱色条件为温度36℃,染料浓度121.12 mg/L,酵母粉浓度1.99%,在此条件下,染料脱色率可达99.21%。经实验验证,实际值与模型预测值拟合良好,偏差仅为0.79%。     

4株正十六烷降解菌的降解能力及代谢动力学特性

从处理采油废水的活性污泥中分离出4株产生物表面活性剂的正十六烷高效降解菌。菌株A14和B45为非脱羧勒克菌（Leclercia adecarboxylata）,菌株C28和A27为肠杆菌（Enterobacter sp.）。在NaCl质量浓度15~25 g/L、pH 6.0~7.0、接种量10%（φ）,培养温度37 ℃,摇床转速160 r/min、正十六烷体积分数0.30%的条件下降解16 d后,菌株A14、B45、C28和A27的正十六烷降解率分别为93.7%,87.8%,73.3%,65.7%。4株菌所产生的生物表面活性剂均为磷脂类表面活性剂。菌体生长满足逻辑斯蒂模型,正十六烷的降解满足一级反应动力学模型。菌株C28、A27的生长速率快于菌株A14、B45,菌株A14、B45的正十六烷降解速率快于菌株C28、A27。     

肠杆菌FM-1强化积雪草修复镉污染土壤机理

分析了肠杆菌FM-1的耐镉性及促生特性，并研究了肠杆菌FM-1对矿山型和非矿山型积雪草镉富集及根际土壤pH值的影响.结果表明，肠杆菌FM-1对镉有较强的耐受性，其分泌的吲哚乙酸含量，铁载体A/A_r值和溶磷能力分别达到（72.85±0.62）mg/L，0.21±0.01和（143.33±2.13）mg/L，表明肠杆菌FM-1具有良好的促生能力.将肠杆菌FM-1接种于采自广西柳州泗顶铅锌矿周边4种类型的土壤中，均不同程度提高了矿山型和非矿山型积雪草对镉的富集.其中，下游区土壤接种肠杆菌FM-1后，矿山型积雪草茎和叶中镉含量分别增加了87.90%~161.84%和21.85%~76.42%，非矿山型叶片中的镉含量增加了5.84%~35.20%.研究表明肠杆菌FM-1促进了积雪草对镉的富集.同时，肠杆菌FM-1的添加在一定程度上影响了积雪草根际土壤的pH值，显著降低了下游区矿山型积雪草根际土壤中的pH值.     

Degradation of dibutyl phthalate in refuse from different phases of landfill by its dominant bacterial strain,Enterobacter sp. T1

A facultative bacterial strain isolated from municipal solid waste (MSW) obtained from a simulated landfill bioreactor was found to have the ability to use dibutyl phthalate (DBP) as its sole source of carbon and energy. Based on its morphology, physiochemical characteristics, and 16S rDNA sequence, the strain was identified as Enterobacter sp. T1. Evaluation of the degradation of DBP in refuse collected during the initial, acidic, and methanogenic phases of landfill before and after inoculation with Enterobacter sp. T1 revealed that the degradation fits first-order kinetic models for refuse from all phases. The removal rate of DBP in the refuse of the methanogenic phase increased from 59.3% to 74.5% when Enterobacter T1 was added. The half-life of DBP in refuse from the methanogenic phase that was inoculated with Enterobacter T1 decreased by 36.7% relative to uninoculated samples, and the intermediate products monobutyl phthalate (MBP) and phthalic acid were detected in all samples. These results provide new evidence for the potential of applying Enterobacter sp. for phthalic acid ester-polluted area remediation.