生物视觉的研究

生物视觉是目前科学技术研究的热点之一。笔者通过对生物视觉形态学方面的深入研究 ,探讨了生物视觉产生、发展的结构与机制 ,尤其研讨了视觉通路的解剖结构、感受野分层等级假设、视觉信息的并行处理性质及视觉皮层间的反馈和整合作用等。同时还介绍了当前生物视觉方面的研究进展     

体育教学反馈与自我反馈运用的探讨

体育教学过程中,教学效果的好坏取决于师生双方对过程的调控程度,而对技能教学的调控,则依据教师的教学反馈和学生的自我反馈来实现。在体育教学过程中,教学反馈与自我反馈的有机结合,是提高教学质量的关键。     

Mining with communities

To be considered as sustainable, a mining community needs to adhere to the principles of ecological sustainability, economic vitality and social equity. These principles apply over a long time span, covering both the life of the mine and post-mining closure. The legacy left by a mine to the community after its closure is emerging as a significant aspect of its planning. Progress towards sustainability is made when value is added to a community with respect to these principles by the mining operation during its life cycle. This article presents a series of cases to demonstrate the diverse potential challenges to achieving a sustainable mining community. These case studies of both new and old mining communities are drawn mainly from Canada and from locations abroad where Canadian companies are now building mines. The article concludes by considering various approaches that can foster sustainable mining communities and the role of community consultation and capacity building.     

城市生态环境与可持续发展评价指标体系研究

本文从探讨城市生态环境与可持续发展的战略关系入手,在进行调查研究的基础上,提出了城市生态环境与可持续发展评价指标体系,旨在为城市的全面、协调、可持续发展提供一点科学管理依据。     

欧美绿色供应链发展经验及启示

随着工业化、城市化的飞速发展,我国经济社会面临的资源环境瓶颈约束日益突出,实现经济发展和环境保护的同步推进是当前工作的重要内容,环境保护将扮演更为重要的角色。实施绿色供应链管理有利于改善高能耗高污染问题,提高企业生产效率,增强核心竞争力,促进企业和社会的可持续发展。欧盟和美国在推行绿色供应链管理方面成果显著,汲取其先进的政策和实践经验,对中国推进绿色供应链具有重要的借鉴意义。     

东三省“十二五”城镇污水厂投资与减排效益分析

东北三省"十二五"主要水污染物减排项目方案实施后,必然会引起环境发生一定变化,环境效益正是污染减排工程的环境后果的代表。利用西方经济学中的边际效用理论对"十二五"期间东三省城镇污水处理厂单位投资的COD削减量进行分析。依据投入的环境边际效益对各省工作重点提出建议。     

生态环境空间分级管控策略研究

生态环境空间分级管控是为了确保各级尺度下的生态环境空间充分发挥其生态服务功能所采取的管理控制手段与途径,同时给城市生态环境空间的管控提供依据,在不同尺度下,生态环境空间需按照不同精细度的管控方法和不同的土地空间单位进行分级,生态环境空间分级管控主要包括:省域尺度生态环境空间的管控、市域尺度生态环境空间管控和在主城区尺度下生态环境空间管控。通过3种尺度不同管控方法和策略的有效衔接,从宏观、中观和微观3个层次保证了生态规划的完整性和连续性,使生态系统服务真正发挥其价值。     

The burden of proof in trade disputes and the environment

The WTO leaves discretion over environmental policies to its members, but requests that a fundamental non-discrimination principle is respected: National Treatment (NT). The provision seeks to prevent protectionist use of domestic policy instruments, requesting that when an imported product is sufficiently similar to a domestic product, they are treated identically. WTO adjudicators will often face severe informational problems in environmental disputes. Important for the practical implementation of NT is therefore the allocation of the burden of proof (BoP). This paper highlights basic implications of the BoP for the occurrence of judicial errors, for the environment and for welfare, using a setting where NT serves its intended role of supporting negotiated tariff liberalization. The paper suggests that NT may indeed constrain environmental policies, but that this may be desirable from an efficiency point of view. Also, BoP rules that benefit the environment may not benefit global welfare, and conversely.     

The influences of climate and hydrology on population dynamics of waterbirds in the lower Murrumbidgee River floodplains in Southeast Australia: Implications for environmental water management

Restoration of waterbird diversity and abundance is a key objective of river system management in Australia. Therefore, understanding the effects of climatic and hydrological variables on waterbird population dynamics is fundamental for successful river restoration programs. We investigated the population dynamics of waterbirds (total abundance) and seven functional waterbird groups in the floodplains of lower Murrumbidgee River. We found a general declining abundance trend from 1983 to 2007, except for the deep water foragers. We modelled the relative contribution of the climatic and hydrological factors to waterbird population decrease using the generalized additive model (GAM) framework after identifying the negative binomial distribution. Most of the seven functional groups were positively related to both annual rainfall and water usage, defined as the total water volume intercepted by the river reach, and the models indicated that rainfall was slightly more important. Temperature also played a role in waterbird abundance: the maximum summer temperature negatively influenced the abundance of dabbling ducks, shoreline foragers and fish eaters, while the minimum winter temperature positively affected the abundance of dabbling ducks and shoreline foragers. Overall, our results support the practice of providing environmental water for sustaining waterbird populations. However, environmental water provision is likely to be most effective when timed to coincide with antecedent rainfall.     

Empirical research in environmental psychology: Past, present, and future

Have research interests in environmental psychology changed over the years? If so, in which direction? What can we learn from the past to direct future research? To answer these questions, empirical studies published in Environment & Behavior (E&B) and in Journal of Environmental Psychology (JEP), from their foundation to 2005, were reviewed. The articles were classified in relation to the following criteria: mode of human–environment transaction, research topic, type of setting and function of places, socio-demographic characteristics and environmental role of people, mode of presentation of the setting, sampling procedure, and source of data. Results showed both variations through the years and differences between the journals. The main research topics can be identified as the study of the residential environment, environmental cognition, observation of actual behaviour in the environment, and concern for the ecological value of the global environment. Trends in research interests showed a stable interest in the analysis of the built environment, a more place-specific approach in the beginning, strongly anchored in observational studies, and a central concern for sustainability and conservation of the environment in recent years. With respect to journals, the central role attributed to psychology by JEP, and the stronger participation by designers and planners in E&B, are reflected in the emphases given to the different modes of human–environment transaction. Trends in research interests help address the strengths and weaknesses of the discipline, thus suggesting future directions of inquiry.