基于水质和水量视角下的水环境承载力研究——以高淳固城湖流域为例

以江苏高淳固城湖流域为例,从"水质"和"水量"不同角度综合分析流域水环境承载力。选取COD和NH_3-N为主要污染因子,通过一维稳态水质模型与物料衡算模型计算固城湖流域纳污能力,进而推算"水质"角度固城湖流域承载力;通过综合计算流域内可利用的水资源量推算其对流域内社会经济系统的支撑能力,即"水量"角度的承载力。结果表明,固城湖流域COD和NH3-N的纳污能力分别为8 483.97和622.47 t/a;不同水功能区纳污能力差别较大;基于水资源量的承载力基于COD的水环境承载力基于NH_3-N的水环境承载力;NH_3-N污染是目前固城湖流域发展的主要限制性因子;基于水资源量的承载力虽然较高,但存在季节性缺水的风险;应从多角度、有重点地提高固城湖流域水环境承载力。     

通风廊道在城市环境总体规划中的应用——以长吉新区为例

研究基于城市环境总体规划的顶层设计,将通风廊道作为环境空间管控的重要组成,通过采用模拟风场、河流水网、遥感解译等多种方法,对规划建设区域的自然属性进行分析,识别和绘制了长吉示范区"两轴五带"的通风廊道体系,并进一步在空间上提出环境管理的要求,期望在城市环境规划上为改善城市空气质量提供科学依据。     

Exploring citizen infrastructure and environmental priorities in Mumbai,India

Many cities worldwide seek to understand local policy priorities among their general populations. This study explores how differences in local conditions and among citizens within and across Mumbai, India shape local infrastructure (e.g. energy, water, transport) and environmental (e.g. managing pollution, climate-related extreme weather events) policy priorities for change that may or may not be aligned with local government action or global environmental sustainability concerns such as low-carbon development. In this rapidly urbanizing city, multiple issues compete for prominence, ranging from improved management of pollution and extreme weather to energy and other infrastructure services. To inform a broader perspective of policy priorities for urban development and risk mitigation, a survey was conducted among over 1200 citizens. The survey explored the state of local conditions, the challenges citizens face, and the ways in which differences in local conditions (socio-institutional, infrastructure, and health-related) demonstrate inequities and influence how citizens perceive risks and rank priorities for the future design and implementation of local planning, policy, and community-based efforts. With growing discussion and tensions surrounding the new urban sustainable development goal, announced by the UN in late September 2015, and a new global urban agenda document to be agreed upon at ‘Habitat III’, issues on whether sustainable urbanization priorities should be set at the international, national or local level remain controversial. As such, this study aims to first understand determinants of and variations in local priorities across one city, with implications discussed for local-to-global urban sustainability. Findings from survey results indicate the determinants and variation in conditions such as age, assets, levels of participation in residential action groups, the health outcome of chronic asthma, and the infrastructure service of piped water provision to homes are significant in shaping the top infrastructure and environmental policy priorities that include water supply and sanitation, air pollution, waste, and extreme heat.     

New energy policy and low-carbon society in Japan after the Great East Japan Earthquake

The Great East Japan Earthquake in March 2011 devastated the eastern region of Japan.Due to the resulting nuclear accident,Japanese Cabinet decided to revise its energy policies.The Energy and Environment Council in National Policy Unit published options on the nation’s scenarios for energy and economy in 2030.We estimated the economic impacts of the options to national economy and households in 2030.Finally,we clarified significant factors to establish a secure,affluent and low-carbon society based on the energy scenarios.     

Environmental breaches and resource losses in a Mexican biosphere reserve and development of a simple resource management model

SUMMARY

The causes for environmental breaches producing losses to the forest resources in the biosphere reserve Mariposa Monarca in Mexico have been investigated, mainly using methods of spatial analysis. It was demonstrated that the availability of forest resources themselves does not affect the frequency of breaches but does have consequences on the amount of resource loss per breach. Furthermore, a strong dependency on the traffic ways was demonstrated. The larger the distance to the traffic ways, the lower is the frequency of breaches. This behaviour could be described mathematically and led to the result that 38% of the breaches can be considered as caused by traffic ways. A weak dependency on the number of inhabitants could be found but no dependency on socioeconomic parameters. Taking into account the results of this analysis, a simple resource management model was developed, using a differential equation. It estimates the future development of natural resources. The model is implemented in a Geographic Information System. Sample calculations underline the importance of the supervising actions and show the possibilities of the model with respect to the measures that have to be taken to preserve natural resources in a supervised national park.     

“If I know when you will arrive,I will let you walk to school:” The role of information technology

Introduction: Providing a sense of supervision for parents may facilitate their children’s involvement in physical outdoor activities, such as walking to school. Information technology (IT) solutions could bring more parental supervision, which in turn has the potential to enhance the proportion of walking trips to school. This study aimed to examine the role of a proposed hypothetical IT solution that gives parents real-time information about children’s entrance to and exit from the school, for the intention of parents letting their children walk to school. Method: A total of 820 questionnaires were distributed among pupils aged 7–9-years across 28 elementary schools to be completed by their parents (82% return rate). Results: Compared to the group of walking pupils, increased parental intention to let their children walk to school under the proposed solution could be explained by considerably more variables in the group of pupils who did not walk to school. The findings revealed that increased parental intention was higher among the walking pupils compared to the non-walking pupils. For the non-walking pupils, enhancement of walking facilities across the school area could potentiate the use of the proposed solution by the parents, which in turn may increase the proportion of walking on school trips. In addition, boy pupils, the pupils whose parents evaluated walking more favorable, those from lower socioeconomic backgrounds, and those living in close proximity to the school could more likely benefit by shifting from non-walking to walking modes of travel, after implementation of the solution.     

建立我国环境民事纠纷仲裁制度刍议

目前,我国环境民事纠纷的处理方式主要有协商、调解和诉讼三种方式,这几种方式分别存在着一定的缺陷。环境仲裁是解决环境民事纠纷的一种良好方式,在某种程度上可以克服以上几种方式存在的一些缺陷,同这几种方式能起到一定的互补作用。文章介绍了环境民事纠纷仲裁制度的意义并分析了我国环境民事纠纷仲裁制度应具备的特点,力图为建立环境民事纠纷仲裁制度提出法律建议。     

沈阳市浑南新区规划环境影响评价的环境承载力研究

介绍环境承载力的概念、分类、指标体系及表述方法,结合沈阳市浑南新区社会经济发展预测结果,从水资源、土地资源、污染物、经济等几个方面对浑南新区环境承载力进行综合分析。     

树立科学发展观推动经济与环境协调发展

本文以沈阳市3年创建环保模范城实践为例,用经济与环境的绩效,综合论述了环境与经济的协调发展在实现城市可持续发展中的重要作用。并明确了科学发展观的核心是“以人为本”,在处理好经济增长与环境保护、资源与环境、环境与发展的三者关系上进行了探讨。     

区域大气污染物总量控制技术与示范研究

分析了我国的大气环境问题和特征,剖析了大气污染的成因;重点介绍了区域大气污染物总量控制技术研究中,大气污染物排放清单的编制技术,多尺度的空气质量模拟技术,基于现代控制理论的大气环境容量优化技术,基于环境容量和排放绩效的总量分配技术,多种总量监控方法,科学有效的总量控制管理机制和规则等的关键技术、技术突破、主要研究与理论创新及成果的应用与示范;紧密结合国家空气环境质量管理和大气污染控制的需要,提出了我国大气环境管理、政策和大气环境科学研究的建议.