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741.
Madu IA 《Journal of environmental management》2009,90(3):1422-1426
Generally speaking, there has been a consensus on the primary drivers of anthropogenic induced environmental degradation. However, little progress has been made in determining the magnitude of the impacts, particularly in developing countries. This creates a lacuna that needs to be filled up. The purpose of this study therefore is to ascertain the degree of anthropogenic induced environmental impacts in Nigeria. To achieve the aim, fossil fuel consumption was used as a surrogate for carbon dioxide emissions while the magnitude of the impacts was determined by regression statistics and the STIRPAT model. The results show that only three variables, namely population, affluence and urbanization, were statistically significant and that the regression model accounts for 60% of the variation in the environmental impacts. However, population and affluence, which have ecological elasticities of 1.699 and 2.709, respectively, are the most important anthropogenic drivers of environmental impacts in Nigeria while urbanization, with an elasticity of -0.570, reduces the effect of the impacts. This implies that modernization brings about a reduction in environmental impacts. The paper therefore makes a significant contribution to knowledge by successfully testing the STIRPAT model in this part of the world and by being the first application of the model at political units below the regional or nation states. 相似文献
742.
Mapping of the geogenic radon potential in France to improve radon risk management: methodology and first application to region Bourgogne 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
In order to improve regulatory tools for radon risk management in France, a harmonised methodology to derive a single map of the geogenic radon potential has been developed. This approach consists of determining the capacity of the geological units to produce radon and to facilitate its transfer to the atmosphere, based on the interpretation of existing geological data. This approach is firstly based on a classification of the geological units according to their uranium (U) content, to create a radon source potential map. This initial map is then improved by taking into account the main additional parameters, such as fault lines, which control the preferential pathways of radon through the ground and which can increase the radon levels in soils. The implementation of this methodology to the whole French territory is currently in progress. We present here the results obtained in one region (Bourgogne, Massif Central) which displays significant variations of the geogenic radon potential. The map obtained leads to a more precise zoning than the scale of the existing map of radon priority areas currently based solely on administrative boundaries. 相似文献
743.
Leo X. C. Dutra Nick Ellis Pascal Perez Cathy M. Dichmont William de la Mare Fabio Boschetti 《Ambio》2014,43(8):1069-1081
This article analyzes interviews with natural resource managers in South East Queensland (SEQ), Australia. The objectives of the research are (i) to apply and test deductive/inductive text analysis methods for constructing a conceptual model of water quality decision-making in SEQ, (ii) to understand the role of information in the decision-making process, and (iii) to understand how to improve adaptive management in SEQ. Our methodology provided the means to quickly and objectively explore interview data and also reduce potential subjective bias normally associated with deductive text analysis methods. At a more practical level, our methodology indicates potential intervention points if one is to influence the decision-making process in the region. Results indicate that relevant information is often ignored in SEQ, with significant consequences for adaptive management. Contextual factors (political, social, and environmental) together with effective communication or lobbying strategies often prevent evidence-based decisions. We propose that in addition to generating information to support decisions, adaptive management also requires an appraisal of the true character of the decision-making process, which includes how stakeholders interact, what information is relevant and salient to management, and how the available information should be communicated to stakeholders and decision-making bodies.
Electronic supplementary material
The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s13280-014-0537-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献744.
Papadopoulos A Malamis S Moustakas K Kiranoudis CT Loizidou M 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2007,130(1-3):255-270
This work focuses on the development and application of appropriate software tools for recording, assessing and reporting
data related to the operation of the Urban Wastewater Treatment Plants (UWTPs) in Cyprus. An appropriate Internet-Based Management
System was designed, developed and installed at the premises of the UWTPs and of the Cypriot Competent Authority (Water Development
Department — WDD) in order to coordinate and disseminate tasks and related information for monitoring the operation of UWTPs.
In addition, a client Geographical Information System database was compiled to be used for obtaining and analyzing spatial
information. The software tools are based on common procedures and state-of-the-art technology for the recording and transmission
of data and information and they provide an integrated view related to the operation and the efficiency of wastewater treatment
systems. Moreover, continuous control and systematic monitoring of the UWTPs by the operators as well as continuous and direct
supervision of the UWTPs environmental performance is achieved by the personnel of the Competent Authority. Furthermore, direct
and unobstructed provision of data to the Competent Authority of Cyprus is accomplished by the operators of the UWTPs, while
the Competent Authority is supported to compose full and representative reports to the European Commission and other International
Organizations. The developed tools enable the direct recording of data obtained through measurements and analyses, permit
the comparison of data with existing legislation and provide an integrated picture of the operation of the wastewater treatment
plants as well as the option to focus and assess each individual treatment stage. 相似文献
745.
我国现行环境影响评价制度面临的问题与对策 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
环境影响评价制度在我国经过近30年的发展与完善,在有效加强环境管理,从源头上防止环境污染和生态环境破坏方面起到了重要作用。但从现实看,其并未能从根本上遏制我国生态环境的恶化,各级政府的发展观、环境职能部门的独立性和公正性、评价机构的中立性、环境报告编制的技术性缺失和环境影响评价制度的缺憾等问题都严重制约着环境影响评价的作用发挥,只有解决这些问题,通过完善制度、科学评价,公正审批和有效监督才能让环境影响评价真正成为环境的守护神,实现经济社会发展与自然的和谐。 相似文献
746.
Apart from conventional uses of polysaccharide materials, such as food, clothing, paper packaging and construction, new polysaccharide
products and materials have been developed. This paper reviews life cycle assessment (LCA) studies in order to gain insight
of the environmental profiles of polysaccharide products (e.g. viscose or natural fibre polymer composites) in comparison
with their conventional counterparts (e.g. cotton or petrochemical polymers). The application areas covered are textiles,
engineering materials and packing. It is found that for each stage of the life cycle (production, use phase and waste management)
polysaccharide-based end products show better environmental profiles than their conventional counterparts in terms of non-renewable
energy use (NREU) and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Cotton is an exception, with high environmental impacts that are related
to the use of fertilisers, herbicides, pesticides and high water consumption. The available literature for man-made cellulose
fibres shows that they allow to reduce NREU and GHG emissions in the fibre production phase. No study has been found for the
fabric production and the use phase of man-made cellulose textiles.
相似文献
Martin K. PatelEmail: |
747.
汽车驾驶员驾驶疲劳监测技术研究进展 总被引:23,自引:5,他引:23
当今驾驶疲劳已成为引发交通事故的主要原因,但由于其形成原因复杂,监测技术和手段都还不成熟。驾驶疲劳客观监测技术是目前研究的热点,主要包括对驾驶员脑电图、心电图、眼睑眨动、头部运动轨迹、方向盘的运动、车辆行驶方向等的监测技术。由于上述监测技术都存在一定的局限性,因此,笔者认为,今后的研究应该从以下4个方面着手进行:①研制非接触性高灵敏度传感器;②寻求新的监测指标和方法;③将多传感器信息融合技术应用于监测技术中;④研制高性价比的监测装置。 相似文献
748.
749.
基于浏览器/服务器的危险废物管理区域决策支持信息系统的研究与开发 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
讨论了危险废物管理区域决策支持系统的体系结构、开发方法、应用环境、逻辑和功能结构、安全性设计以及系统实现方法 .该区域决策支持系统的设计方法和结构框架对其他环境信息系统开发与设计具有借鉴意义 . 相似文献
750.
刘洋 《中国环境管理干部学院学报》2012,22(3):5-7,11
《刑法》第338条以污染环境罪为核心构建起来的现行环境犯罪体系存在环境立法观念偏颇、法益保护范围过窄以及刑罚力度不足三方面的缺陷。在我国环境问题依旧严重的今天,为了适应不断发展变化的社会,刑法环境犯罪体系的重构已经势在必行,应当以刑法的规范观念为指导,以污染环境罪为基础建立我国体系化的环境刑法,同时根据社会危害性配置更加严厉的刑罚。 相似文献