长江下游典型硫铁矿集采区矿山地质环境现状分析

文章在对长江下游铜陵硫铁矿集中开采区矿山地质环境系统调查的基础上,分析阐述了主要矿山地质环境问题及其成因、分布特征,其中地面塌陷、含水层破坏和水土污染较为严重;结合矿山地质环境现状、保护治理政策及成效,分析预测了矿山地质环境问题的发展趋势,为矿山地质环境恢复治理提供了基础支撑作用。     

Operational Atmospheric Modeling System CARIS for Effective Emergency Response Associated with Hazardous Chemical Releases in Korea

The Chemical Accidents Response Information System (CARIS) was developed at the Center for Chemical Safety Management in South Korea in order to track and predict the dispersion of hazardous chemicals in the case of an accident or terrorist attack involving chemical companies. The main objective of CARIS is to facilitate an efficient emergency response to hazardous chemical accidents by rapidly providing key information in the decision-making process. In particular, the atmospheric modeling system implemented in CARIS, which is composed of a real-time numerical weather forecasting model and an air pollution dispersion model, can be used as a tool to forecast concentrations and to provide a wide range of assessments associated with various hazardous chemicals in real time.This article introduces the components of CARIS and describes its operational modeling system. Some examples of the operational modeling system and its use for emergency preparedness are presented and discussed. Finally, this article evaluates the current numerical weather prediction model for Korea.Published online     

Evaluation of coastal zone sustainability: an integrated approach applied in Shanghai Municipality and Chong Ming Island

A systems approach has been applied to the examination of sustainable development in the coastal zone. This complex system is envisaged as comprising three sub-systems: environment and resources, economic development and society. A sustainability indicator system based on these three sub-systems has been set up to evaluate the nature of development in the coastal zone. The administrative regions of the Municipality of Shanghai and Chong Ming Island (in the Yangtze Estuary) have been selected as two coastal zones in which to demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the approach. The approach indicated that the development process in Shanghai is one of weak sustainability with relatively rapid social and economic development at the cost of environment and resource degradation. In contrast, social and economic development in Chong Ming County has been limited to protect the regional environment and resources indicating a more sustainable approach to development.     

生态工业园区建设理论探讨

资源和环境问题是我国面临的严重的生态安全和环境安全问题 ,也是制约我国经济可持续发展的问题。生态工业是与环境协调发展的环境友好的工业体系。生态工业园是实现生态工业的理想的生态系统 ,通过工业园区内物质流、能量流、信息流和正确设计来模拟自然生态系统 ,形成企业间的共生网络 ,从而解决工业发展与资源和环境保护之间的相互制约的关系。随着我国工业化进程的推进 ,生态工业园区的建设步伐也在加快。笔者对生态工业园区建设的总体思路、建设指标以及建设过程中存在的主要问题等内容进行了理论探讨。以期抛砖引玉 ,促进生态工业园区的理论研究 ,推动生态工业园区在我国的实践。     

Dynamics of household energy consumption in a traditional African city, Ibadan

In the last three decades the Nigerian environment has experienced rapid degradation. A major contributory factor of this phenomenon is the pattern of socioeconomic development in the country that gives little or no consideration to environmental outcomes. An aspect of this development is the economic policy of removal of subsidies on petroleum products initiated in 1986 as a result of the worsening economic situation in the country which begun in the early 1980s. The result of this is that prices of commercial fuels inclusive of kerosene and LPG (cooking gas) have continued to rise beyond the reach of majority of the Nigerian population. The paper examines the effect of increasing prices of petroleum-derived energy sources on the pattern of energy use for cooking in low and middle-income households and the environmental implication in Ibadan, the largest truly indigenous urban centre in sub-Saharan Africa. Results show that prior to the further subsidy removal of 1993, majority of households sampled used kerosene for cooking. Thereafter, a complete or partial switch in the pattern of domestic energy consumption ensued with more households using fuel wood and other more polluting and less efficient energy sources for cooking. The paper recommends a transition towards more environmental friendly energy sources for household use.     

Total-factor water efficiency of regions in China

Water is a limited and unevenly distributed resource in China, with the per capita amount of water resource there only about one-fourth of the world's average. However, water is an essential resource for people's lives and economic development. Over the past two decades China has seen the fruit of its rapid economic growth; nevertheless, a severe water shortage is behind this prosperous scenario and is becoming worse. Efficient water supply is certainly essential for the sustainable development of human beings. This paper analyzes water efficiency by incorporating water as an input as well as using conventional inputs such as labor employment and capital stock. An index of a water adjustment target ratio (WATR) is established from the production frontier constructed by data envelopment analysis (DEA) including water as an input. The water efficiency of regions is obtained from a total-factor framework with both residential and productive water use. A U-shape relation is discovered between the total-factor water efficiency and per capita real income among areas in China. The central area has the worst water efficiency ranking and the total adjustment amount of water used there is around three-fourths of China's total. More efficient production processes and advanced technologies need to be adopted in the central area to improve its water efficiency, especially for its productive use of water.     

GIS‐BASED WATER QUALITY MODELING IN THE SANDUSKY WATERSHED,OHIO, USA1

ABSTRACT: This study focused on the Sandusky Watershed (SW) in Ohio, located within the Great Lakes Basin, with emphasis on two of its subwatersheds, namely Honey Creek (HC) and Rock Creek (RC). The goal was to assess the capabilities of the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) to simulate suspended sediment (SS), phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) yield in the SW that contribute major sediment and nutrient loads into Lake Erie. The model was calibrated using water flow and water quality parameters for water years 1998 to 1999 and validated model simulations covering the period of water years 2000 to 2001 for monthly conditions. The validation of SS showed correlation coefficients of 0.29 (SW), 0.75 (HC) and 0.69 (RC). Correlation coefficients for P were 0.68 (SW), 0.78 (HC) and 0.37 (RC); for N0₂‐N 0.84 (HC) and 0.38 (RC); for N0₃‐N 0.27 (HC) and 0.76 (RC); for NH₃‐N 0.57 (SW), 0.49 (HC), and 0.13 (RC). In addition, mean errors, root mean square errors, Nash‐Sutcliffe coefficients, and graphs were used to compare simulated to measured data. Simulation success was variable with poor and good simulations, but in most cases, simulated water quality values followed the trend of measured data except for extreme (or intense) rainfall/runoff events. Reviews of 17 applications indicated that the SWAT is suitable for long term continuous simulations but not for storm events. A spatially distributed modeling approach generated maps showing the spatial distribution of SS, P, and N for each simulation element across the Sandusky Watershed.     

空间信息技术在防震减灾工作中的作用

我国是个地震多发国家，地震损失严重。在防震减灾研究中，迫切要求引进先进的科学技术手段，用高新技术推动防震减灾工作的发展。目前遥感技术、地理信息系统和全球定位系统（合称3S）得到了快速发展，以3S技术为主要框架的空间信息技术在防震减灾领域得到了广泛的应用。本文重点阐述了空间信息技术在防震减灾中的作用，并对空间信息技术在防震减灾中的应用趋势作出展望。     

Energy and environment in the European Union: An indicator-based analysis

The European Environment Agency (EEA) is the European Union body dedicated to providing sound, independent information on the environment. It is a major information source for those involved in developing, adopting, implementing and evaluating environmental policy in Europe, and also for the general public. In line with its mandate, the EEA has developed — focused around a set of policy relevant questions — a set of indicators to assess progress in Europe in integrating environmental considerations into the energy sector. Each question is answered through one or more indicators describing the development of the sector in Europe, implications for the environment and links to policy actions. The indicators cover not only the current situation, but also trends and prospects and, most importantly, point to the conditions for change that are needed for progress towards a more sustainable energy policy that benefits the environment. The results of the most recent assessment are presented in this article and show that in many areas of environmental integration there have been some successes, but overall progress to date has been insufficient. Substantial additional action will therefore be required in the future if the European Union is going to move towards a more environmentally sustainable energy system.     

高速铁路安全保障信息系统的研究

高速铁路作为我国铁路运输的一种新形式,安全对其来说更显重要。解决高速铁路安全问题,首先,要不断提高基础设施本身的安全性,更重要的是运用安全保障信息技术,通过建立安全保障信息系统提高安全管理水平,降低事故的发生率。笔者在分析高速铁路新特点的基础上,应用安全系统工程的原理,从人、机、环3方面构建了高速铁路安全保障信息系统,并分析了各个子系统的功能及构成情况;结合目前人工智能领域的智能体技术,提出基于多智能体的高速铁路安全保障信息系统的设计,该系统由监控智能体、判断智能体、诊断智能体、处理智能体、评价智能体和管理智能体组成。