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121.
122.
Ecotoxicity evaluation of selected sulfonamides 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Białk-Bielińska A Stolte S Arning J Uebers U Böschen A Stepnowski P Matzke M 《Chemosphere》2011,85(6):928-933
Sulfonamides (SAs) are a group of antibiotic drugs widely used in veterinary medicine. The contamination of the environment by these pharmaceuticals has raised concern in recent years. However, knowledge of their (eco)toxicity is still very basic and is restricted to just a few of these substances. Even though their toxicological analysis has been thoroughly performed and ecotoxicological data are available in the literature, a systematic analysis of their ecotoxicological potential has yet to be carried out. To fill this gap, 12 different SAs were chosen for detailed analysis with the focus on different bacteria as well as non-target organisms (algae and plants). A flexible (eco)toxicological test battery was used, including enzymes (acetylcholinesterase and glutathione reductase), luminescent marine bacteria (Vibrio fischeri), soil bacteria (Arthrobacter globiformis), limnic unicellular green algae (Scenedesmus vacuolatus) and duckweed (Lemna minor), in order to take into account both the aquatic and terrestrial compartments of the environment, as well as different trophic levels. It was found that SAs are not only toxic towards green algae (EC50 = 1.54-32.25 mg L−1) but have even stronger adverse effect on duckweed (EC50 = 0.02-4.89 mg L−1) than atrazine - herbicide (EC50 = 2.59 mg L−1). 相似文献
123.
A major bottleneck for data-based policy making is that data sources are collected, managed, and distributed by different institutions, residing in different locations, resulting in conceptual and practical problems. The use of dispersed data for agricultural systems research requires the integration of data sources, which means to ensure consistency in data interpretations, units, spatial and temporal scales, to respect legal regulations of privacy, ownership and copyright, and to enable easy dissemination of data. This paper describes the SEAMLESS integrated database on European agricultural systems. It contains data on cropping patterns, production, farm structural data, soil and climate conditions, current agricultural management and policy information. To arrive at one integrated database, a shared ontology was developed according to a collaborative process, which facilitates interdisciplinary research. The paper details this process, which can be re-used in other research projects for integrating data sources. 相似文献
124.
Critical review of Integrated Water Resources Management: Moving beyond polarised discourse 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Integrated Water Resource Management (IWRM) emerged as a popular concept in the water sector in the 20th century. From a highly techno-centric approach in the past, it has taken a new turn embracing Habermasian communicative rationality as a place-based nexus for multiple actors to consensually and communicatively integrate decisions in a hydrological unit. The 'how to integrate' approach had remarkable appeal worldwide in promoting authentic participation of all stakeholders. However, critics argue that the domain of water resource management is a political process of contestation and negotiation; the emphasis is on complexities, contextuality, power dynamics and the importance of analysing real world situations. They demonstrate 'how integration cannot be achieved' given the power dynamics in social interactions. These apparently contradictory discourses draw on different theoretical paradigms and polarise the discourse on IWRM, without offering constructive alternatives. To this end, this paper offers an option to complement this polarised discourse by examining 'how integration actually does take place' in a strategic context thereby facilitating consensual decisions to integrate water management for a sustainable future. 相似文献
125.
This paper is concerned with the failure of published research to provide a framework within which local technology policy could be analysed and evaluated. It firstly describes a simple model of the technological development process. Then, using this model as a base, develops a framework for analysing the main aspects of technological policies. The paper considers the main results of a recent survey of local authority technology development policies and initiatives before providing some overall conclusions relating to the nature, direction and likely effectiveness of such policies. 相似文献
126.
David G. Streets 《Environmental management》1989,13(4):393-399
The United States is finding it difficult to develop a coherent policy on acid rain. Despite more than a decade of scientific research and policy initiatives, no clear course of action has been identified. This article argues that what is missing is an integrated assessment of the scientific knowledge that will guide the political process. The role of the integrated assessment is described, and a conceptual framework presented that would accomplish the desired goal. Currently available acid rain assessment models are compared against this framework and found to be less than satisfactory. The article concludes by stressing the opportunity now available to the National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program to perform such an assessment and break the logjam. 相似文献
127.
Sonia Labatt 《Environmental management》1991,15(2):163-178
This article reviews the existing models of corporate social responsiveness and develops a theoretical framework with which
to examine corporations' discretionary performance with respect to one social issue, that of the environment. Discretionary
indicators of corporate response to environmental issues are developed and tested within this framework. Twelve companies
from five different sectors were selected for the survey, based on prior knowledge of their commitment to environmental concerns.
Primary data was collected from personal interviews, and secondary data was obtained from company documents, annual reports,
and other forms of publically disclosed information. Empirical results varied, but certain voluntary indicators, such as composition
of the board of directors, the environmental affairs function, community support, and the annual report are considered to
provide strong indications of discretionary corporate performance. Philanthropy and company products proved to be less satisfactory
indicators of corporate commitment to the environment. The aggregated results revealed a correlation between the final rankings
of firms' discretionary environmental performance and whether those companies are process or product oriented. Linkages between
discretionary elements and those of economic and legal requirements were not explored. 相似文献
128.
Trends and issues in land and water resources management: Setting the agenda for change 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The classical model of a paradigm shift is used to explore changes that are occurring in public lands and water resources
management. Recent policy developments suggest that the traditional paradigm, which is characterized by sustained yield, is
in the process of being invalidated. While no new paradigm has been fully accepted, the emerging paradigm does appear to be
based on two principles: ecosystem management and collaborative decision making. Implementation of these two principles is
likely to require extensive revision of traditional management practices and institutions. Failure to address these issues
could result in adoption of the rhetoric of change without any lasting shift in management practices or professional attitudes. 相似文献
129.
随着东阳市经济的迅速发展.由于人口数量增加,对自然资源的需求量越来越大,环境保护意识薄弱等原因,导致生态系统遭到破坏,林相单一、水土流失严重、洪旱灾害频繁、环境污染严重等灾害。据此,本文提出保护东阳市环境的对策。 相似文献
130.
Thomas M. Bonnicksen 《Environmental management》1985,9(5):379-391
Initial decision analysis (IDA) is a microcomputer based decision-making technique that is organized so that a rational, step-by-step, procedure can be followed to use existing knowledge to develop resource policies. The IDA process provides a systematic way for participants to define their own problem and to explore jointly alternative solutions. IDA is particularly suited to resolving complex problems involving many groups with conflicting interests. IDA is illustrated with data from the US Forest Service's Draft Environmental Impact Statement for the 1985 to 2030 Resource Planning Act Program for the United States. Four policy options are evaluated: maximization of timber production, of grazing, and of wilderness, and a dominant use policy that concentrates timber management on productive sites. Policies were evaluated using a new mathematical satisficing procedure. Mathematical satisficing of simulated policy consequences showed that, for selected performance standards, current RPA policies are superior to the four alternative policies examined. 相似文献