云南省土壤环境质量分析系统设计与实现

土壤是人类赖以生存的基本要素之一,然而随着我国经济社会的发展,土壤环境污染日益严重,已威胁到各种陆生动植物的生态平衡。为落实环保部《关于加强土壤污染防治工作的意见》要求,2006年云南省土壤污染调查全面启动。系统运用Microsoft Visual Basic作为开发语言,SQL Server作为数据库,Arc GIS作为地图开发工具,来完成数据的导入和校验,统计、评价和对比的分析与查询,以及各类统计图表的自动生成。系统开发解决了庞大数据的管理与分析问题,对数据进行了生动的图表化表示并通过数据自动更新机制,简化了数据的管理工作,提高了《云南省土壤环境质量报告》的编制效率,对各级管理部门的决策工作具有较大的辅助意义。     

"两级质控、第三方运营"水质自动站管理模式初探

以江苏省太湖流域水质自动站管理模式为例,从运维管理、质控管理等角度介绍了“两级质控、第三方运营”水站管理模式的基本结构、概念和优势.     

The Oxford Commission on Sustainable Consumption

The Oxford Commission on Sustainable Consumption aims to promote debate and action to achieve sustainable consumption. It has met four times since it was established in 1999. Commission members have undertaken a number of projects around the world, working with communities to explore pathways to more sustainable consumption. This paper summarises the Commission’s progress and the messages emerging from its work. Current consumption trends are supported by a number of social trends, including individualisation, the spread of the market ethos, urbanisation, globalisation, and the increasing awareness of risk and uncertainty. However, these trends contain the seeds of their own limitation. In particular, increasing discourse about ethics and social goals may be the key to a shift towards more sustainable consumption.     

Model for empowering rural poor through renewable energy technologies in Bangladesh

This paper proposes an integrated ecological, economic and social model to assist sustainable rural development in villages in Bangladesh. In the model, renewable energy technologies (RETs) create income-generating activities for male landless and marginal farmers and for women from such households, while reducing environmental problems, like deforestation and indoor air pollution from cooking with poor-quality fuels. Because of the high capital costs of RETs, the model proposes an extension of the well-known micro-credit approach developed by such NGOs as the Grameen Bank and BRAC. With the assistance of an External Agency composed of NGO, business, government and university representatives, such groups of villagers would form Village Organizations, comprising cooperatives or other forms of business, borrow money from a bank or large NGO, and purchase a RET based on biogas, solar or wind, depending upon location. By selling energy to wealthier members of the village, the Village Organizations would repay their loans, thus gaining direct ownership and control over the technology and its applications.     

本溪市水环境承载力及指标体系

水环境承载力是近年提出的一个新概念，它是用以定量描述水资源和水污染及其有关参数的一个综合指标，其含义为：在一定的自然环境条件和特定的社会经济发展模式下，区域水环境（包括水资源和水污染）对其社会经济发展的支撑能力．水环境承载力是由水环境系统结构决定的，它体现了水环境与人类社会经济活动之间的联系．对一个城市而言，不同的社会经济发展速度规模及不同的水环境治理对策，其水环境承载力各不相同，水环境承载力是区域自然条件、区域经济发展模式（发展的方向和发展的速度）及相应的水资源与水污染防治对策的函数．水环境承载力具有客观性、变动性和可控性三个基本特点，利用水环境承载力可以评判城市水环境对其社会经济发展承载大小．为区域社会经济与水环境协调发展提供决策依据．     

环境中铅的化学循环

本文论述了环境中铅的背景值、来源、污染、质量标准，化学循环包括沉淀溶解、络合解离和吸附解吸以及环境中铅的烷基化，为铅污染治理提供理论依据．     

污水中喹诺酮类抗生素分布及与环境变量的相关性研究

利用固相萃取-高效液相色谱串联质谱法（SPE-HPLC-MS/MS）对广西九洲江地区的6个污水处理厂的进水和出水中的喹诺酮类抗生素（QNs）进行检测,分析不同处理工艺对QNs的去除情况,并对检出的QNs进行冗余分析,探究其与环境变量之间的相关性。结果表明,污水处理厂进水中诺氟沙星（NFX）检出浓度最高,其次是环丙沙星（CPX）、氧氟沙星（OFX）和恩诺沙星（EFX）,QNs在进水和出水时的质量浓度分别为252.1~1 374.9 ng/L和44.4~147.1 ng/L;污水中QNs的总去除率为66.6%~92.5%;Na⁺、K⁺和总有机碳（TOC）与多数QNs呈正相关关系,Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺、pH值与多数QNs呈负相关关系。     

Towards the development of a multidisciplinary understanding of the effects of toxic chemical mixtures on health

Mixtures can be divided into simple (chemicals with comparable properties—health risk assessments on the chemicals) and complex, which can be further subdivided into defined (a reasonably distinct composition, created at a specific time and place despite dissimilar components—risk assessments on the common source) and coincidental (chemicals without similar properties or constant composition in time or space—risk assessments on the receptor). Interactions recognized are: independent action, dose addition (additivity), and potentiation (synergy and antagonism). Unpredicted outcomes need recognition. New approaches in higher education and multidisciplinary investigations are essential. The community of the Society for Environmental Geochemistry and Health should help clarify points such as when transformations in mixtures may become important enough to alter the classification and the risk assessment. The multidisciplinary community is also well placed to support the integration of nonchemical influences into mixture analysis and to contribute to the investigation of cumulative and multiple exposures.     

城市空气污染及对策

本文系统分析了城市空气污染的成因、污染物种类和危害,指出城市空气污染是制约城市可持续发展的关键因素之 一,提出了城市空气污染 防治的技术和非技术措施。