法国公众参与环境保护原则的实施及其对我国的借鉴

对法国公众参与环境保护制度中的主体、程序保障进行了阐述,借鉴其优点,对我国《环境保护法》修改中公众参与制度的完善提出了若干建议。     

电厂环境噪声模型的研究

为了开展电厂环境噪声预测及评价工作,提出了电厂环境噪声预测数学模型,研制出电算程序。此模型吸取了众多模型的优点,声源模式有点源、分布面源、体源和线源;传播方式分近场和远场;障碍物影响考虑了反射,衍射和衍射的反射。用此模型对耒阳电厂环境噪声进行计算,计算与实测结果表明,此模型精度高,软件实用、方便。     

Highlights of some environmental problems of geomedical significance in Nigeria

This paper attempts to discuss the links between the geochemical composition of rocks and minerals and the geographical distribution of diseases in human beings in Nigeria. We know that the natural composition of elements in our environment (in the bedrock, soils, water, and vegetation) may be the major cause of enrichment or depletion in these elements and may become a direct risk to human health. Similarly, anthropogenic activities such as mining and mineral processes, industrial waste disposal, agriculture, etc., could distort the natural geochemical equilibrium of the environment. Thus, the enrichment or depletion of geochemical elements in the environment are controlled either by natural and/or anthropogenic processes. The increased ingestion of toxic trace elements such as As, Cd, Hg, Pb, and F, whether directly or indirectly, adversely affects human health. Of these, Cd has most dangerous long-term effect on human health. Environmental exposure to As and Hg is a causal factor in human carcinogenesis and numerous cancer health disorders. Available information on iodine deficiency disorder (IDD) in Nigeria indicates goiter prevalence rates of between 15% and 59% in several affected areas. There have been reported cases of dental fluorosis resulting from intake of water with fluoride content >1.5 ppm. Dental caries among children shows an overall prevalence rate of 39.9%. Within the Younger Granite province in central Nigeria, cases of cancer and miscarriages in pregnant women have been linked to natural radiation These examples and a number of others from the existing literature underscore the pressing need for the development of collaborative research to increase our understanding of the relationship between the geographical distribution of human and animal diseases in Nigeria and environmental factors. We submit that such knowledge is essential for the control and management of these diseases.     

湖北冶金建设项目环境评价工作状况的研讨

198 6年以来 ,湖北省冶金企业总投资在 2 0 0 0万元以上的建设项目全部按国家法律、法规要求 ,执行了环评制度。共 6 7项大中型项目进行了环境影响评价 ,从而做到了增产不增污 ,保证了经济效益、社会效益和环境效益的统一 ;满足了工程建设要求。有些报告存在的主要缺陷是 :反映污染的基础数据代表性不够 ;单一的方案使评价无法比较优化 ;评价污染时抓主要矛盾综合分析不够 ;对策建议缺乏针对性和工程实用性 ;污染防治方案欠缺经济分析内容等。分析了存在问题的原因并提出了改进建议。     

The Interuniversity Consortium, Chemistry for the Environment (INCA)

The Interuniversity Consortium, Chemistry for the Environment (INCA), was founded in Venice in October 1993. It groups about thirty Italian universities and relies on the research contributions of chemists having different specialities (environmental, physical-chemical, organic, inorganic, analytic, industrial and biochemical), together with researchers coming from other disciplines engaged in environmental research. Consortium INCA has its administrative offices in Venice.     

电网规划环境影响评价应关注的几个要点

广州市城市高压电网规划环境影响评价是国家环境保护总局全国规划环境影响评价的试点项目,结合该专项规划环境影响评价在评价指标体系设计、评价标准、评价技术方法等方面的探索和研究成果,提出电网规划环境影响评价应关注的几个要点。     

Implementing environmentally sound management of inland waters

While it is now widely accepted that the harnessing of water resources can make a major contribution to economic progress in various parts of the world, there is also increasing concern about the adverse environmental effects that such development may produce. Reviewing experiences in several countries, however, it seems that it may be possible to reconcile the management of water resources and the maintenance of environmental integrity. The paper assesses the likelihood of a reconciliation taking place in the light of a number of trends in contemporary water management. While many of these trends are in the direction of harmonious development, the pace of accommodation has typically been slow and erratic. The authors offer some suggestions as to how this might be overcome through modifications in legislation, policies, procedures and administrative structures.     

建材陶瓷中的放射性危害与防护

本文探讨当前城市房屋装修所用建筑陶瓷带来的放射性污染,阐述其危害原因,并提出针对建筑陶瓷放射性污染的有效防护措施。     

Understanding building-occupant-microbiome interactions toward healthy built environments: A review

• The built environment, occupants, and microbiomes constitute an integrated ecosystem. • This review summarizes research progress which has focused primarily on microbiomes. • Critical research needs include studying impacts of occupant behaviors on microbiomes. Built environments, occupants, and microbiomes constitute a system of ecosystems with extensive interactions that impact one another. Understanding the interactions between these systems is essential to develop strategies for effective management of the built environment and its inhabitants to enhance public health and well-being. Numerous studies have been conducted to characterize the microbiomes of the built environment. This review summarizes current progress in understanding the interactions between attributes of built environments and occupant behaviors that shape the structure and dynamics of indoor microbial communities. In addition, this review also discusses the challenges and future research needs in the field of microbiomes of the built environment that necessitate research beyond the basic characterization of microbiomes in order to gain an understanding of the causal mechanisms between the built environment, occupants, and microbiomes, which will provide a knowledge base for the development of transformative intervention strategies toward healthy built environments. The pressing need to control the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in indoor environments highlights the urgency and significance of understanding the complex interactions between the built environment, occupants, and microbiomes, which is the focus of this review.     

青藏工程走廊水环境安全保护等级区划研究

采用模糊数学综合评判法和突变级数法对青藏工程水环境安全的保护等级进行分区评价与研究,结果表明:青藏工程走廊带沿线水环境分为一级、二级和三级保护区3个区域,其中一级区范围为青藏高速公路拉萨—安多段,二级区范围为青藏高速公路安多—茶错段,三级区范围为青藏高速公路茶错—格尔木段;青藏工程走廊水环境安全保护路段共计408.92 km,安全保护等级高,占路线全长的35.56%。建议拉萨—安多全段,以及安多—茶错段部分路(桥)面通过工程措施和非工程措施相结合的方式实现路(桥)面径流污染控制,有效降低路(桥)面径流对走廊带水环境的影响。