环境水样中硫化物的分析方法研究进展

硫化物是水质检测的一个重要参数,因其对水生生物和人体具有很高的毒性而备受关注.综述了近5 a来环境水样中硫化物的分析方法研究进展,包括光谱法(分光光度法、荧光法、电致化学发光法、电感耦合等离子体-原子发射光谱、原子吸收法、流动注射法),色谱法,以及电化学法(阴极溶出伏安法、阳极溶出伏安法、电催化氧化法、生物传感器法),...     

Arsenic occurrence in Brazil and human exposure

Environmental exposure to arsenic (As) in terms of public health is receiving increasing attention worldwide following cases of mass contamination in different parts of the world. However, there is a scarcity of data available on As geochemistry in Brazilian territory, despite the known occurrence of As in some of the more severely polluted areas of Brazil. The purpose of this paper is to discuss existing data on As distribution in Brazil based on recent investigations in three contaminated areas as well as results from the literature. To date, integrated studies on environmental and anthropogenic sources of As contamination have been carried out only in three areas in Brazil: (1) the Southeastern region, known as the Iron Quadrangle, where As was released into the drainage systems, soils and atmosphere as a result of gold mining; (2) the Ribeira Valley, where As occurs in Pb-Zn mine wastes and naturally in As-rich rocks and soils; (3) the Amazon region, including the Santana area, where As is associated with manganese ores mined over the last 50 years. Toxicological studies revealed that the populations were not exposed to elevated levels of As, with the As concentrations in surface water in these areas rarely exceeding 10 microg/L. Deep weathering of bedrocks along with formation of Fe/Al-enriched soils and sediments function as a chemical barrier that prevents the release of As into the water. In addition, the tropical climate results in high rates of precipitation in the northern and southeastern regions and, hence, the As contents of drinking water is diluted. Severe cases of human As exposure related to non-point pollution sources have not been reported in Brazil. However, increasing awareness of the adverse health effects of As will eventually lead to a more complete picture of the distribution of As in Brazil.     

重庆市主城区典型道路的交通噪声

选取重庆市主城区典型道路,实测了交通噪声昼夜、水平和垂直变化,结果表明：交通噪声昼夜等效A声级高速公路最高,主干道次之,次干道最低,交通噪声随车流量增加而增大,高峰值出现在上午8：00-10：00和17：00-20：00,最小值出现在凌晨4：00;水平方向上,随着距路沿距离的增加,噪声值逐渐减小,道路路沿45m以外可满足《声环境质量标准》（GB3096-2008）要求;垂直方向上,噪声值先增加后逐渐降低。     

Research progress on distribution,sources, identification,toxicity, and biodegradation of microplastics in the ocean,freshwater, and soil environment

• Microplastics are widely found in both aquatic and terrestrial environments. • Cleaning products and discarded plastic waste are primary sources of microplastics. • Microplastics have apparent toxic effects on the growth of fish and soil plants. • Multiple strains of biodegradable microplastics have been isolated. Microplastics (MPs) are distributed in the oceans, freshwater, and soil environment and have become major pollutants. MPs are generally referred to as plastic particles less than 5 mm in diameter. They consist of primary microplastics synthesized in microscopic size manufactured production and secondary microplastics generated by physical and environmental degradation. Plastic particles are long-lived pollutants that are highly resistant to environmental degradation. In this review, the distribution and possible sources of MPs in aquatic and terrestrial environments are described. Moreover, the adverse effects of MPs on natural creatures due to ingestion have been discussed. We also have summarized identification methods based on MPs particle size and chemical bond. To control the pollution of MPs, the biodegradation of MPs under the action of different microbes has also been reviewed in this work. This review will contribute to a better understanding of MPs pollution in the environment, as well as their identification, toxicity, and biodegradation in the ocean, freshwater, and soil, and the assessment and control of microplastics exposure.     

环境质量评价中属性权重确定的一种方法

阐述了环境质量评价中属性权重的客观性。介绍了属性权重和确定属性权重的客观性方法,并以GB 3838—2002《地表水环境质量标准》为依据,对河北省邯郸市1998年环境质量报告中的滏阳河张庄桥断面水质的主要属性进行了属性权重确定。     

浅议环境自动监测(控)系统建设运行管理

结合山东省环境自动监控系统的实际,从基础能力建设、设备运营维护、运行监督管理、自动数据认定使用等关键环节入手,就系统建设、管理、运行等核心问题进行了分析探索,从管理和技术方面提出了解决方案和建议。     

杭州区域环境噪声监测点位优化探索

在杭州市现有区域环境噪声手工监测点位的基础上,结合地理分布,采用系统聚类法对2012年149个点位的数据样本分类、合并,将149个点位优化到26个,并用T检验法验证数据可靠性。优化前后各城区的点位分布比例相差不大,等效声级绝对误差在1.0 d B(A)内,相对误差不超过±5%。经过2013年和2014年数据验证,确定优化后的点位能体现声环境功能区的代表性。     

机场噪声自动监测系统应用现状与前景展望

随着我国机场建设规模和覆盖范围逐年扩大,机场噪声带来的扰民问题也愈发严重,机场噪声自动监测系统对于机场运营及周边区域声环境管控显得尤为重要。简述了机场噪声自动监测系统的组成架构、核心功能以及国内外机场噪声自动监测系统发展历程与应用现状,针对技术应用中的局限性问题,提出应建立健全法规标准体系、不断推进系统研发领域、形成社群交互联动机制的建议,为机场噪声自动监测系统应用及环境管理提供参考。     

中国煤矿灾害现状与减灾对策分析

以大量的数据资料，全面系统地分析了煤矿灾害的现状与致灾特点，提出了煤矿防灾减灾对策。     

基于环境地理信息平台的预警系统的构建

随着经济的高速发展,环境污染事故也呈现出上升的势头,环境污染事故不仅造成了环境危害,而且对人民群众的安全产生了重大威胁。鉴于环境污染事故的多发性、危害性,应急处置显然非常重要,而构建强大的应急处置信息系统有助于应急处置和分析决策的顺利进行。本文分析了环境应急处置需求,提出了建立环境污染应急管理信息系统的设计框架。