冬季条件下曝气生物滤池处理模拟灰水的应用研究

文章采用陶粒滤料为载体,研究了在冬季低温条件下化学混凝-曝气生物滤池工艺对模拟灰水的中试研究。实验结果表明,在冬季水温为3℃-15℃的条件下,初沉处理大大减轻了后续曝气生物滤池的运行负荷的同时也提高了整个工艺的搞冲击能力。当曝气生物滤池水力负荷为3．8m／h时,COD、LAS的去除效率分别在70％、80％以上。NH4-N去除效率受LAS、COD、温度影响较大,整个工况去除效率在15％～75％。NH4-N的去除效率随着COD负荷的增加,其去除效率受到严重的影响。COD的去除负荷率为2．85kg／（m^3滤料·d）升高到5．04kg／（m^3滤料·d）时,NH4-N的去除率则由61％-77％,下降到26％～41％,说明了异养微生物的生长严重抑制了硝化亚硝化细菌的生长。     

基于SVR的船舶溢油事故预测

船舶溢油事故的预测,是确定所需应急资源多少的重要依据;但船舶溢油事故具有小样本性,传统预测方法不再适用。针对船舶溢油事故的小样本性,该文选择SVR模型对其进行预测;SVR算法的关键是核函数的选择及自由参数的确定,针对上述问题该文分别采用交叉验证法、遗传算法;并在matlab软件上建立SVR模型,最后将该模型应用于上海港水域船舶溢油事故的预测。     

沸石滤料曝气生物滤池的挂膜启动研究

采用沸石滤料曝气生物滤池（ZBAF）,对微污染水源水预处理的挂膜启动进行研究。试验结果表明：挂膜过程中CODMn和氨氮的去除率提高不同步,好氧异养菌的增殖速度较快,硝化菌增殖较慢;ZBAF对氨氮具有很好的去除效果,去除率高达90%以上。启动初期对氨氮的去除以离子交换作用为主,末期以硝化作用为主,CODMn的去除一直处于不稳定状态,故对于ZBAF应以氨氮的硝化去除率达到稳定作为挂膜成熟的标志,而不以氨氮总去除率及CODMn去除率作为标志。     

建设项目环境影响评价中易被忽视的几个细节

环境影响评价是一项专业性较强的技术工作,一份环评报告需要关注的内容比较多。在具体的建设项目环境影响评价报告的编制过程中,虽然有相关的环评法规、技术导则、环境标准等文件作为指导,但常常因为环评工程师缺乏实际环评工作经验等原因,有一些重要的细节被忽视了。这些被忽视的细节直接影响到了环评报告的质量,导致环评报告结论的科学性与可靠性遭到质疑。文章介绍了一些常被忽视的重要细节,并有针对性地提出了改进建议。     

环境问题、环境伦理与环境保护探析

人类社会步入二十一世纪,环境问题日益成为全人类共同关注的问题。环境的日益恶化要求人类重新审视人与自然的关系,建立和谐共生的关系体系。保护环境,保护自然,保护人类唯一的家园,实现人类的可持续发展。环境保护是保证当代人和未来人能否享有真正福利的基础,在我国以经济建设为中心的现阶段,环境保护具有重要的意义。     

新农村建设中的环境问题与规划对策

文章对新世纪农村环境问题的内涵进行了探讨,结合新农村规划的实践提出了有针对性的建议与对策,并进一步以新农村建设中产业选择和污水处理问题为例进行了具体的分析研究。     

Investigating the relationship between air pollution, health and social deprivation in Leeds, UK

This study examines the relationship between air pollution, social deprivation and health in the city of Leeds, UK under a baseline and three distance-based road user charging (RUC) scenarios set at 2 pence, 10 pence and 20 pence/km. Through application of a series of linked models of traffic, emission and pollutant dispersion, air quality was modelled in response to RUC scenarios. The pollutant modelled were NO(2), PM(10), CO, benzene and 1,3-butadiene, though results of NO(2) are used in this study. The RUC scenarios were compared with the 'base' scenario, all set for the year 2005. The RUC initiatives result in the differences in ambient concentrations of NO(2). The study correlates NO(2) concentrations with derived indices of social deprivation and health. The study concludes that positive but weak relationship exists between air quality and social deprivation, and indicates that deprived population groups are disproportionately exposed to higher NO(2) levels. The relationship between air quality and health status of the population is weak. There is a strong relationship between social deprivation and health status of the population. The study concludes that RUC scenarios result in reducing disparity between affluent and deprived populations.     

长株潭地区经济增长与工业污染变迁的实证研究

根据长株潭地区1990~2006年经济与工业污染数据,分析了经济发展与环境污染的相互关系,建立了二者之间的计量模型。研究表明：作为一个重化工业城市群,长株潭自20世纪90年代以来,在经济高速发展的情况下,其环境恶化程度逐步得到局部控制。其中,长沙市部分环境指标与人均GDP演替轨迹呈现显著的环境库兹涅茨曲线特征;而株洲市和湘潭市工业污染排放量与人均GDP呈“U”形特征,即随着经济的增长,环境污染先是有一定程度的缓解,但随即有较大幅度的反弹。为了进一步促进长株潭地区经济与环境的协调发展,三地政府一方面应采取措施加快产业结构调整和优化工业布局,另一方面,还应尝试实施"排污权交易"和"受益者支付"原则等积极的环保管理手段和政策。     

Personae and Natural Capitalism: Negotiating Politics and Constituencies in a Rhetoric of Sustainability

This essay critiques natural capitalism, a concept developed as a strategic response to the antagonism of capitalist production and the ideology of sustainability. I trace and critique the second and third personae of the book Natural Capitalism. The second persona of natural capitalism constitutes already dominant capitalists and technocrats as the constituency best prepared to meet the exigencies of sustainability. Simultaneously, civil society and non-propertied classes constitute a marginalized third persona whose interests can be satisfied only if aligned with those of the second persona. This precarious arrangement is possible due to the non-ideological representation of natural capitalism. I argue that such a representation is misleading. Criticism of the tensions between natural capitalism's personae suggests radical potential for environmental rhetoric.     

Chemical Controversy: Canadian and US News Coverage of the Scientific Debate about Bisphenol A

This study analyzes how newspapers covered the scientific controversy surrounding the health effects of exposure to Bisphenol A (BPA). Specifically, it examines whether framing, sources of scientific information, and balancing of competing sides in the debate differed across national political contexts and journalistic approaches. In regard to the former, it compares coverage in Canada (represented by the Globe and Mail), which had banned BPA in baby bottles and cups, to coverage in the United States (represented by the New York Times and Washington Post), which had not. In regard to the latter, it compares coverage in two US newspapers that took a conventional journalistic approach (the New York Times and Washington Post) to coverage in a US newspaper that launched an investigative series regarding BPA (the Milwaukee Journal Sentinel). The study concludes by considering what the findings suggest about how social forces shape coverage of scientific controversies involving environmental issues.