生活垃圾焚烧发电厂周边环境二噁英污染水平及人群暴露评估

选取某典型生活垃圾焚烧发电厂为研究对象,监测其周边环境空气、土壤、地下水、农作物等环境介质中二噁英的浓度水平,初步评估周边人群二噁英暴露水平。研究结果表明,该厂周边环境空气、土壤、地下水中二噁英测定值分别为0. 236 pg TEQ/m3～0. 331 pg TEQ/m3、1. 94 ng TEQ/kg～2. 71 ng TEQ/kg、0. 17 pg TEQ/L～0. 26 pg TEQ/L,企业排放的二噁英对周边环境影响较小;成人和儿童在暴露介质中摄入二噁英总量分别为0. 959 pg TEQ/(kg·d)和1. 59 pg TEQ/(kg·d),均低于4 pg TEQ/(kg·d)的标准,经大米和面粉摄入二噁英的量超过总暴露量的90%,提示食物是人群二噁英暴露的主要介质。     

新形势下对环境统计工作的思考

分析了环境统计工作的定位和内容,以及第二次全国污染源普查、排污许可证与排污税制度、环境质量考核制度给环境统计工作带来的改革契机。针对固定源、城镇生活源与农业面源、移动源,提出了统计调查工作的设想。建议改变环境统计调查焦点,实现污染源统计空间格局"一张图";开拓环境统计分析品牌,推动环境统计方法研究;以政策管理需求为导向,完成环境统计工作体系的重构。     

射阳湖浮游动物群落结构特征及其与环境因子相关性研究

2016—2017年对射阳湖开展浮游动物群落结构和水质指标逐月监测。结果表明,射阳湖共鉴定出浮游动物61种,其中原生动物、轮虫、枝角类和桡足类分别为25种、24种、7种和5种。浮游动物种类数呈现春夏季多于秋冬季的变化趋势。浮游动物优势种数量较多、分布广,群落结构相对复杂且稳定。运用Shannon-Wiener指数、均匀度指数和B/T指数对射阳湖水质作评价,结果表明,该湖处于轻度—中度污染状态,生物学指标评价法与常规水质评价结果一致。浮游动物群落结构与水质指标相关性分析表明,水温、透明度、Chl-a和DO是影响射阳湖浮游动物群落结构的主要水质指标。     

荧光光谱法在环境监测中的应用

简要综述了荧光光谱在环境监测中近几年的应用。内容包括方法原理、方法的建立,有关荧光体系的研究,以及与其他技术的联用等一些最新进展。指出：荧光光谱法具有灵敏度高、选择性强、试样量少和测定简单等优点,为复杂环境样品中微量元素及痕量物质的分析提价了新手段,与其他手段结合使用,环境分析将具有更加广阔的前景,     

环境空气中丙烯酸乙酯的气相色谱法测定

建立了环境空气中丙烯酸乙酯的TenaxGC吸附 -热解吸气相色谱测定方法。方法回收率为 87 3%～1 0 7 1 % ,变异系数为 5 3%～ 7 2 %。当采样体积为 2L时 ,检测限为 0 0 2mg/m3,具有采样时间短 ,不用任何溶剂等特点。     

县级环境监测站标准化建设达标验收预审中应注意的问题

针对江苏省环境监测站标准化建设达标前期验收工作中发现的问题,指出严格验收标准,严把验收质量关,不仅是环境监测工作向深度和广度发展的需要,更是环境管理的需要。提出硬件必须到位,有足够的人员经费,一定的环境监测能力,人员素质和专业技术人员的结构比例,是环境监测标准化建设的核心,各省辖市环境保护局在对所辖县（市）环境监测站标准化建设达标验收预审时尤应注意。     

原子吸收光谱分析技术在环境,医学卫生和食品分析方面的应用

回顾了原子吸收光谱分析在我国环境、医学卫生和食品分析方面的应用概况。     

Current practice and shortcomings of EIA in Lithuania

The paper provides an overview of EIA system applications and assesses its effectiveness in Lithuania. A combination of archival research and quantitative/qualitative analysis was used to identify the main shortcomings of the EIA process in Lithuania: subjectivity in forecasting environmental effects, insufficient consideration of alternatives, politicisation of the process and incompetence of authorities involved. The research revealed that a thorough knowledge of EIA procedures and legal requirements may be a solution to these problems, especially when the stages related to forecasting the effects and evaluating the results are strictly reserved for recognized experts. The work concludes on the suggestions to involve in EIA process relevant authorities and to increase the competence of EIA practitioners.     

Evaluating the use of Social Impact Assessment in the context of agricultural development projects in Iran

The utilisation of Social Impact Assessment (SIA) in Iran is analysed in terms of its policy context and its application in practice. Five case studies where SIA was employed in conjunction with Environmental Impact Assessments (EIA) for agricultural development projects are evaluated. In addition, the performance of the policy context is assessed. This research revealed that there are legal and institutional constraints to the effective functioning of SIA in Iran, and that there are deficiencies in the operating guidelines. There were serious problems associated with the way SIA was undertaken in all five case studies. Recommendations to improve the policy framework for the conduct of SIA are made. The recommendations advocate for a higher profile of SIA within legislation, for social issues to have greater emphasis in official guidelines for the conduct of EIA and SIA, and for a range of measures to increase the professionalism of SIA practice.