全文获取类型
收费全文 | 20250篇 |
免费 | 1919篇 |
国内免费 | 6577篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 3155篇 |
废物处理 | 440篇 |
环保管理 | 2919篇 |
综合类 | 14206篇 |
基础理论 | 2945篇 |
环境理论 | 21篇 |
污染及防治 | 1943篇 |
评价与监测 | 1593篇 |
社会与环境 | 903篇 |
灾害及防治 | 621篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 85篇 |
2023年 | 554篇 |
2022年 | 776篇 |
2021年 | 912篇 |
2020年 | 1028篇 |
2019年 | 927篇 |
2018年 | 771篇 |
2017年 | 857篇 |
2016年 | 1019篇 |
2015年 | 1109篇 |
2014年 | 1098篇 |
2013年 | 1674篇 |
2012年 | 1682篇 |
2011年 | 1968篇 |
2010年 | 1257篇 |
2009年 | 1553篇 |
2008年 | 1231篇 |
2007年 | 1497篇 |
2006年 | 1443篇 |
2005年 | 1044篇 |
2004年 | 860篇 |
2003年 | 833篇 |
2002年 | 665篇 |
2001年 | 616篇 |
2000年 | 583篇 |
1999年 | 475篇 |
1998年 | 369篇 |
1997年 | 369篇 |
1996年 | 252篇 |
1995年 | 248篇 |
1994年 | 181篇 |
1993年 | 190篇 |
1992年 | 125篇 |
1991年 | 75篇 |
1990年 | 51篇 |
1989年 | 47篇 |
1988年 | 34篇 |
1987年 | 23篇 |
1986年 | 33篇 |
1985年 | 24篇 |
1984年 | 28篇 |
1983年 | 18篇 |
1982年 | 25篇 |
1981年 | 25篇 |
1980年 | 16篇 |
1979年 | 12篇 |
1978年 | 18篇 |
1977年 | 11篇 |
1973年 | 6篇 |
1971年 | 33篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 890 毫秒
631.
This paper assesses the status of coastal zones in the context of expected climate change and its related impacts, as well as current and future socioeconomic pressures and impacts. It is argued that external stresses and shocks relating to sea-level rise and other changes will tend to exacerbate existing environmental pressures and damage in coastal zones. Coastal zones are under increasing stress because of an interrelated set of planning failures including information, economic market, and policy intervention failures. Moves towards integrated coastal zone management are urgently required to guide the coevolution of natural and human systems. Overtly technocentric claims that assessments of vulnerability undertaken to date are overestimates of likely future damages from global warming are premature. While it is the case that forecasts of sea-level rise have been scaled down, much uncertainty remains over, for example, combined storm, sea surge, and other events. In any case, within the socioeconomic analyses of the problem, resource valuations have been at best only partial and have failed to incorporate sensitivity analysis in terms of the discount rates utilized. This would indicate an underestimation of potential damage costs. Overall, a precautionary approach is justified based on the need to act ahead of adequate information acquisition, economically efficient resource pricing and proactive coastal planning. 相似文献
632.
The Finnish anthropogenic CH4 emissions in 1990 are estimated to be about 250 Gg, with an uncertainty range extending from 160 to 440 Gg. The most important sources are landfills and animal husbandry. The N2O emissions, which come mainly from agriculture and the nitric acid industry are about 20 Gg in 1990 (uncertainty range 10–30 Gg). The development of the emissions to the year 2010 is reviewed in two scenarios: the base and the reduction scenarios.According to the base scenario, the Finnish CH4 emissions will decrease in the near future. Emissions from landfills, energy production, and transportation will decrease because of already decided and partly realized volume and technical changes in these sectors. The average reduction potential of 50%, as assumed in the reduction scenario, is considered achievable.N2O emissions, on the other hand, are expected to increase as emissions from energy production and transportation will grow due to an increasing use of fluidized bed boilers and catalytic converters in cars. The average reduction potential of 50%, as assumed in the reduction scenario, is optimistic.Anthropogenic CH4 and N2O emissions presently cause about 30% of the direct radiative forcing due to Finnish anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. This share would be even larger if the indirect impacts of CH4 were included. The contribution of CH4 can be controlled due to its relatively short atmospheric lifetime and due to the existing emission reduction potential. Nitrous oxide has a long atmospheric lifetime and its emission control possiblities are limited consequently, the greenhouse impact of N2O seems to be increasing even if the emissions were limited somehow. 相似文献
633.
TOPHAZOP: a knowledge-based software tool for conducting HAZOP in a rapid, efficient yet inexpensive manner 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Faisal I. Khan S. A. Abbasi 《Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries》1997,10(5-6):333-343
Hazard and operability (HAZOP) studies constitute an essential step in the risk analysis of any chemical process industry and involve systematic identification of every conceivable abnormal process deviation, its causes and abnormal consequences. These authors have recently proposed optHAZOP as an alternative procedure for conducting HAZOP studies in a shorter span of time than taken by conventional HAZOP procedure, with greater accuracy and effectiveness [Khan, F. I. and Abassi, S. A., optHAZOP. An effective and efficient technique for hazard identification and assessment Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, 1997, 10, 191–204]. optHAZOP consists of several steps, the most crucial one requires use of a knowledge-based software tool which would significantly reduce the requirement of expert man-hours and speed up the work of the study team. TOPHAZOP (Tool for OPTmizing HAZOP) has been developed to fulfil this need.
The TOPHAZOP knowledge-base consists of two main branches: process-specific and general. The TOPHAZOP framework allows these two branches to interact during the analysis to address the process-specific aspects of HAZOP analysis while maintaining the generality of the system. The system is open-ended and modular in structure to make easy implementation and/or expansion of knowledge. The important features of TOPHAZOP and its performance on an industrial case study are described. 相似文献
634.
Thermal and mechanical properties of poly(lactic Acid) and poly(ethylene/butylene Succinate) blends 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
In this study, blends of poly (lactic acid) (PLA) with poly(ethylene/butylene succinate) (Bionolle) have been investigated
for their thermal and mechanical properties as a function of the concentration of Bionolle. Differential scanning calorimetry
(DSC), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), and tensile tests were used to characterize the blends. From the results of the
DMA and DSC, it was found that this blend system was not miscible within the compositions studied. DSC results showed that
adding Bionolle aids in crystallization of PLA. It was observed that increasing the Bionolle concentration led to a slight
increase in the strain-at-break of the blends but a decrease in the Young’s modulus and ultimate tensile strength. Biaxially
oriented films showed an increase in tensile strength, modulus, and strain-at-break. 相似文献
635.
Synthesis of poly(hydroxyalkanoate) from hydrolyzed linseed oil 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Elena Casini Theo C. de Rijk Pieter de Waard Gerrit Eggink 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》1997,5(3):153-158
Pseudomonas putida was grown on a mixture of long-chain fatty acids obtained by hydrolysis of linseed oil. A poly(3-hydroxyalkanoate) containing
51.2% of unsaturated monomers was obtained. A considerable percentage (13.6%) was constituted by C14 and C16 monomers containing three double-bonds in the side chains. The polymer showed a high tendency to crosslink when it was kept
in presence of air. In the crosslinked polymer no polyunsaturated monomers could be detected. 相似文献
636.
通过对变流量冷冻水系统的分析指出,在运用平衡调温调湿方式的空调系统中,应用变流量冷冻水系统可以较大地节约能源和投资;并提出了实现这种应用的方法。 相似文献
637.
基于神经网络的重大危险源动态分级研究 总被引:8,自引:2,他引:8
利用自组织神经网络对重大危险源进行动态分级研究,介绍了神经网络的模式聚类即分级法的自组织学习过程和算法,克服了以往危险源分级方法的某些局限性。在计算机上进行的模拟计算表明:基于自组织神经网络的重大危险源动态分级方法是合理可行的 相似文献
638.
建筑物火灾危险性评估的一种工程方法 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
袁理明 《中国安全科学学报》1997,7(5):25-28
提出了建筑物火灾危险性评估的一种工程方法。该方法基于建筑火灾的区域模拟理论和人员疏散的最新研究成果,分别计算出火灾中达到危险状态的时间和整个疏散过程所需的时间,通过对比这两个时间,来确定火灾危险性的大小。这种方法概念清晰,简单易行,能在一定程度上对实际建筑物的火灾危险性进行评估,也可用于对火灾的安全工程设计评价和安全咨询。 相似文献
639.
Current status and research on E-waste issues in Asia 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2
Atsushi Terazono Shinsuke Murakami Naoya Abe Bulent Inanc Yuichi Moriguchi Shin-ichi Sakai Michikazu Kojima Aya Yoshida Jinhui Li Jianxin Yang Ming H. Wong Amit Jain In-Suk Kim Genandrialine L. Peralta Chun-Chao Lin Thumrongrut Mungcharoen Eric Williams 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2006,8(1):1-12
Rapid economic growth in Asia and the increasing transboundary movement of secondary resources will increasingly require both
3R endeavors (reduce, reuse, recycle) in each country and appropriate control of international material cycles. Recently,
managing electrical and electronic waste (E-waste) has become an important target for domestic and international material
cycles from the viewpoints of environmental preservation and resource utilization efficiency. To understand the current status
of E-waste issues in the context of international material cycles and to discuss the future tasks related to achieving 3R
in the region, we organized the National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES) E-waste Workshop in December 2004. This
article reviews past studies on E-waste and briefly describes the topics presented and discussions held at the workshop. The
topics at the workshop included E-waste generation, recycling systems, international trade, and environmental impacts. In
addition, we discussed various issues such as terminology, current environmental concerns, and possible solutions. Transboundary
shipments of E-waste should be conducted taking into consideration the concept of sustainable development. The direction of
future research and possible collaborations are also discussed. 相似文献
640.