Application of CGP-cross route process for microstructure refinement and mechanical properties improvement in steel sheets

A modified method of severe plastic deformation (SPD) entitled constrained groove pressing-cross route (CGP-CR) was introduced for imposing a high magnitude of equivalent strain of about 2.32 per pass on the sheet form samples. The major benefit of this improved route compared to previous common route was the more homogeneity of strain in the rolling (RD) and transverse (TD) directions of sheets. In this study, low carbon steel samples were used for examination of evolutions in microstructure and mechanical properties during SPD via CGP-CR process. Mechanical properties improvement were measured by tensile and macro hardness tests. The results indicate that CGP-CR process can effectively improve tensile strength; and also, yield stress and hardness of as-received low carbon steel samples were improved up to about 100% after two deformation passes. Also, high magnitude of inhomogeneity can be observed in hardness distribution through first pass of the process which diminishes in the subsequent passes. Microstructural evolutions during process were monitored by optical microscopy observations and X-ray diffraction analysis. The results demonstrate that initial ferritic microstructure with grain size of about 30 μm was refined to a 225 nm cell structure after two passes of CGP-CR process.     

Modulation-assisted high speed machining of compacted graphite iron (CGI)

The application of controlled, low-frequency modulation (～100 Hz) superimposed onto the cutting process in the feed-direction – modulation-assisted machining (MAM) – is shown to be quite effective in reducing the wear of cubic boron nitride (CBN) tools when machining compacted graphite iron (CGI) at high machining speeds (>500 m/min). The tool life is at least 20 times greater than in conventional machining. This significant reduction in wear is a consequence of the multiple effects realized by MAM, including periodic disruption of the tool–workpiece contact, formation of discrete chips, enhanced fluid action and lower cutting temperatures. The propensity for thermochemical wear of CBN, the principal wear mode at high speeds in CGI machining, is thus reduced. The tool wear in MAM is also found to be smaller at the higher cutting speeds (730 m/min) tested. The feed-direction MAM appears feasible for implementation in industrial machining applications involving high speeds.     

适应性环境管理模式在大型赛事筹备中的应用（上）——管理模式构建

针对我国环境保护行政管理存在的直线式管理、缺乏弹性等问题,将适应性管理的理论和方法引入环境管理领域,提出适应性环境管理的概念和管理模式,通过构建基于AHP（层次分析法）的适应性环境管理绩效评估体系,在环境管理中对各项任务进行跟踪管理和绩效评估,反馈于阶段性目标的制定,从而灵活调整工作方案,最大限度地降低环境管理中的不确定性,保证环境管理总目标的达成.     

钦州湾生态系统健康主要存在问题及保护对策

近年来,海洋生态系统健康受到了社会的不断关注。本文基于钦州湾海洋生态系统健康评价的结果,利用近几年的数据资料,筛选出该海湾海洋生态系统健康存在的主要问题。从筛选结果来看,近年来钦州湾海洋生态系统所受的环境压力较大,生态系统出现了组织结构变简单、活力降低、出现病态症状等主要问题。为了进一步提高钦州湾生态系统健康状态,本文从流域整治、污染减排、减少扰动、生态建设、加强管理等方面提出保护和修复建议。     

宿州市街尘重金属的粒径分布特征及污染评价

在宿州市不同功能区采集23个街尘样品,利用X-Ray荧光光谱法测定了样品中重金属Cu、Zn、Pb、Mn、Cr、V的含量,分析了街尘重金属的粒径分布特征,并利用地累积指数法对其污染状况进行了评价。结果表明:(1)宿州市街尘中细颗粒质量比重较高,在<75μm、75～150μm、150～250μm、250～500μm四个粒径段的街尘质量比例分别为39.73%、27.52%、22.57%和10.18%;(2)街尘中各重金属元素的含量最大值均出现在<75μm和75～150μm粒径范围内,说明重金属易在细颗粒中富集;(3)各重金属元素在<75μm粒径范围内的赋存比例均高于其他3个粒径级别,达40%左右;(4)随着街尘粒径的由粗到细,其重金属污染程度从无污染到轻度污染,各重金属元素的污染程度依次为:Zn>Pb>Cr>Cu>V>Mn。     

浅析LCNG汽车加气站建设项目的环境影响评价

随着经济发展和人口增加,中国大气污染日益加剧,在大中型城市,汽车等交通工具排放的污染造成的生态危害正在不断加剧,世界范围内的能源危机也日益严峻,这就促使人们开发新的替代燃料。因此,汽车使用液化天然气（LCNG）代替石油或柴油是重要途径。文章介绍了汽车加气站的环境影响评价的内容和评价重点,重点探讨了加气站建设项目环境影响评价时应关注的主要问题,对加气站建设的环境风险防范进行了分析,并指出此类项目的危险防范措施。     

环境保护规划评估考核技术方法与实践研究

环境保护规划评估与考核是及时掌握规划实施进展、督促各方实施规划以及保障规划顺利实施的重要手段和措施。在探讨总结国内外公共部门规划政策实施绩效评估与考核工作的进展与经验基础上,分析归纳规划实施绩效的一般评估与考核方法,并结合《国家环境保护“十一五”规划》中期评估与终期考核具体实践,对未来环境保护规划的评估与考核工作提出了4条建议：（1）进一步加强评估考核的体制建设;（2）提高定性评估技术水平;（3）研讨评估技术的实际应用;（4）工程设施领域的评估内容应从重建设转向重运营。