室内环境与高龄者血压的关联性——以大连市供暖季为例

对中国大连市供暖季住宅室内环境与高龄者血压的关联性进行了调查研究，具体包括住宅热湿环境（温度、相对湿度）、化学污染（CO₂、CO、甲醛和TVOC）、物理污染（PM_2.5）和生物污染（附着真菌）与高龄者血压的关联性.研究表明，城市和农村住宅供热方式不同是导致住宅室内热环境舒适度差异的主要原因.在大连农村，处于室外的厕所与室内形成的大温差使得农村高龄者患心血管疾病的诱发风险比城市更高.城市高龄者的平均血压比农村低且波动小.城市住宅室内温湿度与血压均存在关联（P<0.01），农村室内温湿度对血压的影响程度不如城市明显.另外，室内空气质量参数并未发现与血压存在显著关联.     

Foot and mouth disease and british agriculture: ethics in a crisis

The 2001 Foot and Mouth Diseaseoutbreak in the UK has had widespread adverseeffects – on the farming community, thetourist industry, millions of farm animals, theenvironment, and citizens' quality of life.This report summarizes the course of theepidemic and then questions the ethicalvalidity of the procedure chosen to eradicatethe disease, namely, the slaughter of millionsof animals. It is argued that the utilitarianbasis of the mass slaughter program isunjustified even in its own terms, and thatrespect for certain deontological principlesmerits increased attention in public policy.The long-term interests of UK citizens, theviability of British farming, and theconservation of the countryside all depend onurgent, critical decisions that should beinformed by a broader conception of the role ofethics in agriculture.     

硒蛋白R抑制铜离子介导的Aβ_(42)聚集和细胞毒性

阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer's disease,AD)是一种神经退行性疾病,其主要病理特征包括脑内出现老年斑和神经纤维缠结以及神经元缺失。过渡金属离子如Fe~(2+)、Zn~(2+)、Cu~(2+)等会在AD病人脑中大量蓄集,从而促进,-淀粉样多肽(Aβ)聚集并产生大量活性氧自由基,引起细胞功能改变。硒蛋白R(Sel R)是一种蛋氨酸亚砜还原酶,可将蛋白中的蛋氨酸亚砜还原为蛋氨酸。然而Sel R与金属离子的关系尚无报道。文章对Sel R的突变体Sel R'(Sel R中硒代半胱氨酸Sec95突变为半胱氨酸Cys95)结合Cu~+的性质进行了表征,同时也对Sel R'调节Cu~+/Cu~(2+)诱导的Aβ42聚集和细胞毒性的能力进行了研究。结果表明,Sel R'可与Cu~+特异性螯合剂BCA竞争结合Cu~+,说明Sel R'具有较强的Cu~+结合能力。采用硫磺素荧光法(Th T),发现Cu~+/Cu~(2+)显著性抑制Aβ42的纤维化、诱导其形成非纤维化聚集体,而Sel R'则能够显著抑制Cu~+/Cu~(2+)诱导的Aβ42聚集形态的改变。细胞实验表明:Sel R'能显著降低Cu~+/Cu~(2+)诱导的Aβ42的细胞毒性。上述结果提示:Sel R在脑内除了还原蛋氨酸亚砜,还可通过与铜离子的结合抑制其细胞毒性作用,从而干预AD的发展。     

职业健康统计研究

基于职业健康内涵和统计学原理,提出职业健康统计学的概念,并分析其学科基础,比较职业健康统计学实践应用的各种统计方法;从行业、工种、职业危害因素、职业病发展动态及等级结构、职业健康损失等方面构建职业健康统计学分支体系;分析职业健康统计绝对指标、相对指标。     

Risk communication, value judgments, and the public-policy maker relationship in a climate of public sensitivity toward animals: revisiting britain's foot and mouth crisis

This paper offers some suggestions on, and encouragement for, how to be better at risk communication in times of agricultural crisis. During the foot and mouth epizootic, the British public, having no precedent to deal with such a rapid and widespread epizootic, no existing rules or conventions, and no social or political consensus, was forced to confront the facts of a perceived "economic disease. Foot and mouth appeared as an economic disease because the major push to eradicate it was motivated exclusively by trade and economic reasons and not because of threats it posed to the lives of human beings and livestock. The British public deferred responsibility to their elected officials for a speedy end to this non-life threatening viral epizootic. The latter, however, did not have a contingency plan in place to tackle such an extensive outbreak. The appeal to an existing policy, i.e., mass eradication, as the exclusive strategy of containment was a difficult pill for the public to swallow well before the end of the 226-day ordeal. Public outcry reflected (in part) serious misgivings about the lack of effective communication of risk-informed decisions between government agents and all concerned. The government's handling of the matter underestimated concerns and values about animal welfare, public trust, and the plight of farmers and rural communities. A general loss of trust by some segments of the public was exacerbated by perceived mismanagement and early fumbles by government agents.Public moral uneasiness during the crisis, while perhaps symbolic of growing discontent with an already fractured relationship with farmed animals and the state of animal farming today, arguably, also reflected deep disappointment in government agents to recognize inherently and conditionally normative assumptions in their argument as well as recognize their narrow conception of risk. Furthermore, broader stakeholder participation was clearly missing from the outset, especially with respect to the issue of vaccination. A greater appreciation for two-way risk communication is suggested for science-based public policy in agriculture, followed by suggestions on how to be more vigilant in the future.     

Not All Animals are Equal Differences In Moral Foundations For The Dutch Veterinary Policy On Livestock and Animals In Nature Reservations

The Netherlands is a small country with many people and much livestock. As a result, animals in nature reservations are often living near cattle farms. Therefore, people from the agricultural practices are afraid that wild animals will infect domestic livestock with diseases like Swine Fever and Foot and Mouth Disease. To protect agriculture (considered as an important economic practice), very strict regulations have been made for minimizing this risk. In this way, the practice of animal farming has been dominating the practices of nature management completely. If, for instance, Foot and Mouth Disease strikes an agricultural area, all wild pigs and cattle living in the nearby nature reservations have to be killed, whether infected or not. This dominant position of one practice over the other has now become problematic. While the morality of the practice of nature management seems to be very different from the morality of agriculture and agriculture has become less important from an economic point of view, the public as well as those involved in nature management no longer seem to accept the dominant position of agriculture. Besides a literature study, we performed a field study with in-depth interviews with experts from both practices to analyze the dynamics of the internal moralities of both practices in the previous century, in order to clarify the contemporary situation. The conclusion was that the traditionally strong position of agriculture is not only weakening; it also appears that the internal values of agriculture are changing. The experts from both sides agreed that, in case of a disease outbreak, it is neither ethically justified nor necessary (because of the estimated low risk of disease transfer) to destroy the animals in nature reservations as a routine preventive measure. This is a major shift in morality.     

Environmental Issues in Brackish Water Shrimp Aquaculture in Sri Lanka

Shrimp exports are one of Sri Lanka's major foreign exchange earners and account for 40%–50% of total aquaculture exports. There has been a recent and rapid expansion of the industry in the Northwestern Province (NWP) of Sri Lanka but the industry has suffered from disease outbreaks and environmental problems. Currently, shrimp farms cover nearly 3000 ha of the coastal area of the NWP. The environmental impacts of shrimp cultivation in general are well known and numerous research studies have been done. However, little work has been carried out in Sri Lanka. This study provides some necessary background to brackish water shrimp aquaculture in Sri Lanka. It focuses briefly on the development of shrimp aquaculture and the current status of the industry. Emphasis is placed on two broader aspects—impacts on the existing wetland ecosystem and on the environment. These impacts are presumed to be the main causes hindering the growth of the industry and raising widespread public protest. Current ecosystem and environmental management practices are discussed. Finally, strategic issues for management and sustainable growth are discussed.     

遥感和GIS在森林病虫害监测管理中的应用模式

介绍了遥感技术,地理信息系统技术在森林病虫害监测管理中的应用模式,以及整个系统的集成。在整个系统中遥感用于获取森林病虫害信息,地理信息系统用于管理和处理森林病虫害信息。同时,也说明了全球定位系统可用于定位采集地面数据和导路。