基于流域尺度的农业非点源污染物空间排放特征与总量控制研究

农业非点源污染是导致流域水质恶化的重要原因之一.依据农业污染源主要污染物空间排放特征和排放强度分析,划分农业非点源污染空间管理分区,并研究设计分区污染物总量控制方案,是提高农业非点源污染控制成效的重要途径之一.以湖北省四湖流域为研究案例区,系统开展了流域尺度的农业非点源污染空间排放特征识别与总量控制研究.结果表明,四湖流域水环境COD、总氮、总磷、氨氮负荷主要来自于农业非点源污染,4类非点源污染物分别占到流域污染物排放总量的67.6％、 82.2％、 84.7％和50.9％.对四湖流域非点源污染物空间排放特征分析结果表明,水产和畜禽养殖业发达的洪湖、监利、潜江、沙洋地区是流域非点源污染物的主要贡献源区.根据污染物在流域空间上的排放特征和源强评价结果,将四湖流域划分为3个农业非点源污染管理分区,即长湖上游水产和畜禽养殖污染重点控制区、四湖干渠农村非点源污染综合控制区和洪湖水产养殖污染重点控制区,针对不同管理分区分别提出了污染控制措施.基于水质改善和水体纳污能力综合考虑,设计了针对3个非点源污染管理分区的总量控制方案,分阶段实现监测断面全指标达标和满足水体纳污能力要求.主要污染物中,COD主要削减区域为四湖干渠区和洪湖区,分别占到流域COD削减量的43％和42％;氨氮主要削减区域为四湖干渠区,占到氨氮总削减量的66％;总氮主要削减区域为四湖干渠区和洪湖区,分别占到流域总氮削减量的42％和31％;总磷主要削减区域为四湖干渠区,占到流域总磷削减量的53％.     

基于空间故障树理论的系统可靠性评估方法研究

为了研究可靠性对工作环境变化敏感的一类系统,利用空间故障树SFT的思想和方法,并结合T-S模糊故障树和贝叶斯网络,建立了一种系统可靠性评估方法。总结了T-S模糊故障树和BN网络评价系统可靠性时存在的问题,并在所提出的方法中予以解决。方法中将事件的故障状态划分为:无故障a、轻度故障b、严重故障c、完全故障d四种状态,分别用a,b,c,d表示。故障率为[0~30%)、[30%~60%)、[60%~85%)、[85%~100%),并得到了划分的规则。研究了该系统在不同故障状态下的有效范围。得到了系统在不同状态之间过渡时的特征,并分析了过渡期间的可靠性对因素敏感度问题。     

Simulating discrete event systems with UML and JAVA

Summary  The main readership are students in the field of informatics. In most parts, other interested scientists from environmental disciplines get some insights in the field of environmental modelling and software. The book can be recommended broadly. With the last chapter ‘Simulation in Practice’, this work may also be useful for commercial application. With chapter 14, the authors contribute to the increasingly important topic of E-Learning.     

首都圈内城市职能的分工与整合研究

城市群是一国经济的重心区和增长极，其发展成熟的重要标志是形成合理的城市职能分工体系。首都圈曾经具有全国最优越的发展条件，处于中国经济的核心地带。但是其发展相对滞缓。主要原因是首都圈没有形成合理的城市职能分工体系。运用因子分析法对首都圈内各城市职能的现状进行量化分析，认为首都圈内各个城市的职能并没有发挥出自身的基础和优势。城市各个部门发展都相对平庸．城市之间竞争大于合作。因此，只有实现首都圈内各城市职能的整合，才能提高首都圈整体的竞争力。首都圈内各城市实现职能整合面临的主要问题有：①京津两市在首都圈中的龙头作用不明显；②首都圈内部行政区划分割导致的矛盾日益尖锐；③首都圈内各城市产业结构趋同严重。城市间分工不明确；④首都圈的空间结构急需调整。据此提出促进首都圈内各城市职能整合的几点对策。     

The Impact of “No Impact Man”: Alternative Hedonism as Environmental Appeal

As “No Impact Man,” writer Colin Beavan conducted a one-year experiment to determine whether he and his family could reduce their environmental impact to zero while living and working in Manhattan. This article examines the No Impact Man (NIM) experiment both as “alternative hedonism,” a reconceptualization of the “good life” that avoids unduly damaging the natural world, and also as a kind of “eco-stunt,” an attempt to garner significant media coverage about positive environmental behaviors. We use DeLuca's theorization of the “image event” to analyze the No Impact Man franchise—blog, book, and documentary film—though we modify that theory in order to explore how No Impact Man functions as multi-media and new-media spectacle. In particular, we explore the risky double-bind Beavan finds himself in when, through his choice to publicize the NIM eco-stunt, he is critiqued for opportunism, foolishness, and insincerity. We suggest that efforts to publicize eco-stunts, however well conceived, invariably invite backlash. As a result, we find that alternative hedonism theory and practice open a space of invitation to environmentally beneficial behaviors and attitudes that could have potential with some audiences, but their mass appeal is compromised by the limitations of the stunts that publicize them.     

污染源主数据统一协同管理设计

本文对江苏省生态环境监控的业务进行了分析,研究了协同管理各监控业务子系统及应用业务子系统中污染源信息的方法,统一集成了各业务子系统的污染源数据,重点描述了协同管理平台的架构设计、统一协同的设计流程。通过污染源统一协同平台的设计和建设,为江苏省环境保护决策提供了科学依据。     

农村生态环境分区的数量化方法─—以鞍山市为例

运用聚类分析和地理信息系统相结合的方法，选择了１８个指标和７８个分区单元，将鞍山市农村生态环境划分成８个区，作出分布图，并分别给出了各分区的主要特征。     

A horizontal merger in the iron ore industry: An event study approach

The purpose of this paper is to analyse the competitive and efficiency impacts of a large merger in the world iron ore industry, using an event study approach. This method builds on an analysis of stock market reactions of the merging firms as well as close rivals at the time of the merger announcement. The event study method allows for the possibility to assess both the motivations behind as well as the welfare effects of the merger. The event study results for the merger announcement of Rio Tinto and North Ltd. show that, according to the market reactions, the main motive behind the merger was either the market power or the efficiency hypothesis. When adjusting the analysis to include several information releases about the merger, the overall result indicates that efficiency improvements were the predominant motives behind the merger. Thus, the event study results suggest that there are positive welfare effects to expect and the European Commission's decision to allow the merger is supported.     

淮北市旅游资源特征、功能分区及线路布局

发展旅游业有利于优化煤炭资源面临枯竭的淮北市的经济结构,广开就业门路,美化城市环境,塑造城市新形象.通过对淮北市旅游资源总体特征的评价分析,设计出该市旅游发展的功能分区以及旅游线路布局,为淮北市旅游业的深度开发和合理利用提供科学依据.     

关于界线、界线层型和事件地层学的讨论

本文对目前盛行多重地层划分“界线层型”提出讨论。认为这种人为界线,既不能反映地质历史发展的本来面貌,也不利于生产使用,作者强调突变在地质演变过程中是关健性的,主张采用统一地层划分选择自然(事件)界线。