怠速工况下汽车使用乙醇汽油排放污染物的变化

对怠速工况下使用乙醇汽油汽车尾气中污染物进行了检测.结果表明,使用乙醇汽油后,汽车尾气中CO和HC浓度明显降低,平均下降率为56.9%和38.2%;NOx平均下降率为15.0%;CO2浓度平均增长率为5.04%;苯系物浓度明显降低,平均下降率在45.5%～53.1%;醛类的浓度增加明显,平均增长率在47.8%～293%;丙酮、丁酮的浓度增加,分别为16.6%和25.3%.     

Mercury Pollution in the Surface Environment of a Volcanic Area

The mercury content has been determined in samples of fumarolic gases, phreatic waters, soil and vegetation collected at Vulcano, Aeolian Islands, Italy. Volcanic activity is demonstrated as a source of natural mercury pollution whose extent has been evaluated here by studying the contribution of different components of the surface environment. The possible influences for living organisms are examined.     

大型城市客车加速模拟工况排放特性的实验研究

通过对258辆大型城市客车进行加速模拟工况排放测试,研究了城市客车的排放特性,比较了压缩天然气(CNG)车辆与汽油车辆的排放特性,分析了车辆车龄与排放的关系、发动机燃油供给方式与排放的关系,以及车辆总质量与排放的关系。研究结果表明：燃用CNG的车辆其CO、NOx排放较汽油低许多,尤其是CO,但HC排放较汽油高;电喷车辆的CO、NOx排放比化油器车低,但HC排放值高于化油器车;车龄增长,车辆的CO、NOx排放值增大,但HC变化不明显;车辆总质量增加,排放呈下降趋势。     

并联式TBCC发动机排气系统性能数值模拟

针对一个并联式涡轮基组合循环(Turbine Based Combined Cycle, TBCC)发动机排气系统的气动方案,对其在整个飞行包线范围内典型工作点上的流场进行了数值模拟研究,获得了飞行包线范围内排气系统相应的推力系数、升力、俯仰力矩随飞行马赫数的变化关系。计算结果显示,在整个飞行包线范围内,排气系统的轴向推力系数随着飞行马赫数先减小后增大,在跨声速飞行时降到最低 Ma=0.9,涡喷不加力时为0.562,加力时0.662),在设计点附近达到最大;升力和俯仰力矩性能在亚声速及跨声速飞行时较差,在超声速飞行时随着飞行马赫数增加逐渐好转。表明排气系统在跨声速飞行范围内工作时应采取措施以改善其性能。      

气相色谱法分析环境空气中糠醛

采用活性炭采样管吸附环境空气中的糠醛,以CS2解析,用Rtx-WAX毛细管柱分离,氢火焰离子化检测器检测,气相色谱仪测定。方法最低检出质量浓度糠醛0.006mg/m3,加标回收率在90%以上,方法安全,简单灵敏,分离度好,检出限低。     

Numerical analysis of phase behavior during rapid decompression of rich natural gases

The effect of the condensation process on the gas and liquid phase behavior during rapid decompression of rich natural gases is studied in the paper numerically. A one-dimensional mathematical model of transient thermal two-phase flow of compressible multi-component natural gas mixture and liquid phase in a shock tube is developed. The set of mass, momentum and enthalpy conservation equations are solved for the gas and liquid phases. The approach to model a liquid condensation process during rapid decompression of rich natural gas mixture is proposed. The mass transfer between the gas and the liquid is taken into account by introducing the appropriate terms into the governing equations. Thermo-physical properties of multi-component natural gas mixture are calculated by solving the Equation of State (EOS) in the form of the Soave–Redlich–Kwong (SRK-EOS) model. The proposed liquid condensation model is integrated into the GDP model. A simple case of GDP model, where the liquid was not considered, was extensively validated on base and dry natural gases. The proposed two-phase model is validated against the experiments where the decompression wave speed was measured in rich natural gases at low temperature. It shows a good agreement with the experimental data.     

大空间建筑不同排烟系统作用下的烟气控制效果研究

利用FDS(Fire Dynamics Simulator)分别对自然排烟和机械排烟作用下的中庭火灾烟气控制效果进行了数值模拟研究,自然排烟口的面积分别为中庭地面面积的5.6%、11.3%和22.5%,机械排烟量分别为43182m3/h和102000m3/h,同时改变机械排烟口的位置。通过对比各工况下的竖向温度分布、中庭内温度场、烟气层界面高度来判断不同工况下的排烟效果,并计算得到了相应排烟效率来判断各排烟模式下的排烟有效性。结果显示,中庭内的温度和排烟效率都随排烟量的增大而减小,自然排烟的排烟效率最低,仅为17.9%~21.3%,机械排烟量43182m3/h时的排烟效率最高,可达45%左右。     

新车免检新政实施后对高污染车的管理思路与对策的探讨

2014年9月1日起,国家试行6年以内的非营运轿车等车辆免检制度。大多数城市根据此规定,对于车辆的排放定期检验也同步实施6年免检。随着汽车保有量的快速增长,车辆尾气排放对大气环境的影响不容忽视。因此,地方环保部门应针对机动车污染排放的管理重点,从管理手段、管理体制机制、管理对策等方面进一步加强对高污染车辆的监管。     

汽车公害及其综合防治办法

论述了汽车公害的危害性及减少汽车污染的各种综合防治方法－排气净化，革新燃烧系统及发动机等，并展望未来将采用的低污染代用燃料及低污染发动机或无污染动力源．     

垃圾焚烧烟气净化处理技术

为了避免城市生活垃圾焚烧对环境产生二次污染，必须对垃圾焚烧烟气进行净化处理才能排放。而二恶英的存在又对烟气净化技术提出更高的要求。因此采用先进的烟气净化处理技术和和高效的运行管理方式是防止二次污染的关键。