室内火灾喷出和旋转火焰的实验和数值模拟

喷出火焰和旋转火焰是室内火灾火焰的两种常见存在形式。利用小规模室内火灾试验装置和FDS软件,对室内火灾喷出火焰和旋转火焰进行了实验模拟和数值模拟;根据模拟结果,提出了小规模室内火灾条件下喷出火焰根部温度估算公式,分析了室内火灾火焰旋转的机理及其引起热烟气层温度、地板辐射热通量等参数升高的原因。     

湘西金矿溜矿井卸矿点尘源控制试验研究

通过对溜矿井卸矿点产尘及其特点的研究 ,提出了一种独特的防尘思维模式 ,并有针对地设计出一种自净式喷雾装置 ,适用效果良好。     

Selecting parameters for calibration via sensitivity analysis: An individual-based model of mosquitofish population dynamics

A stochastic individual-based model (IBM) of mosquitofish population dynamics in experimental ponds was constructed in order to increase, virtually, the number of replicates of control populations in an ecotoxicology trial, and thus to increase the statistical power of the experiments. In this context, great importance had to be paid to model calibration as this conditions the use of the model as a reference for statistical comparisons. Accordingly, model calibration required that both mean behaviour and variability behaviour of the model were in accordance with real data. Currently, identifying parameter values from observed data is still an open issue for IBMs, especially when the parameter space is large. Our model included 41 parameters: 30 driving the model expectancy and 11 driving the model variability. Under these conditions, the use of “Latin hypercube” sampling would most probably have “missed” some important combinations of parameter values. Therefore, complete factorial design was preferred. Unfortunately, due to the constraints of the computational capacity, cost-acceptable “complete designs” were limited to no more than nine parameters, the calibration question becoming a parameter selection question. In this study, successive “complete designs” were conducted with different sets of parameters and different parameter values, in order to progressively narrow the parameter space. For each “complete design”, the selection of a maximum of nine parameters and their respective n values was carefully guided by sensitivity analysis. Sensitivity analysis was decisive in selecting parameters that were both influential and likely to have strong interactions. According to this strategy, the model of mosquitofish population dynamics was calibrated on real data from two different years of experiments, and validated on real data from another independent year. This model includes two categories of agents; fish and their living environment. Fish agents have four main processes: growth, survival, puberty and reproduction. The outputs of the model are the length frequency distribution of the population and the 16 scalar variables describing the fish populations. In this study, the length frequency distribution was parameterized by 10 scalars in order to be able to perform calibration. The recently suggested notion of “probabilistic distribution of the distributions” was also applied to our case study, and was shown to be very promising for comparing length frequency distributions (as such).     

火灾中建材燃烧毒性的试验研究

通过探讨火灾中燃烧毒性对人体的危害和分析国外主要的毒性研究方法，研制了毒气热分解仪并对部分有一定代表性的建材进行了实测研究。根据研究结果提出了相应的结论意见。     

Revealing photon transmission in an ultraviolet reactor: Advanced approaches for measuring fluence rate distribution in water for model validation

Fluence rate (FR) distribution (optical field) is of great significance in the optimal design of ultraviolet (UV) reactors for disinfection or oxidation processes in water treatment. Since the 1970s, various simulation models have been developed, which can be combined with computational fluidic dynamic software to calculate the fluence delivered in a UV reactor. These models strive for experimental validation and further improvement, which is a major challenge for UV technology in water treatment. Herein, a review of the simulation models of the FR distribution in a UV reactor and the applications of the current main experimental measurement approaches including conventional flat-type UV detector, spherical actinometer, and micro-fluorescent silica detector (MFSD), is presented. Moreover, FR distributions in a UV reactor are compared between various simulation models and MFSD measurements. In addition, the main influential factors on the FR distribution, including inner-wall reflection, refraction and shadowing effects of adjacent lamps, and turbidity effect are discussed, which is helpful for improving the accuracy of the simulation models and avoiding dark regions in the reactor design. This paper provides an overview on the simulation models and measurement approaches for the FR distribution, which is helpful for the model selection in fluence calculations and gives high confidence on the optimal design of UV reactors in regard to present methods.     

基于综合主成分及径向基网络的环境质量评价

运用综合主成分分析对监测数据进行处理,集成径向基函数人工神经网络(RBF-ANN),参考国家环境质量评价标准设定RBF的学习样本,从而构建区域环境质量综合评价模型,对安徽省合肥市新站综合开发试验区进行环境质量综合评价。实例分析结果表明,运用综合主成分法可以精准的统计出一个区域的环境综合数据,而且在matlab环境下运用RBF-ANN模型既可以准确,客观的评定环境质量的等级,又可以表现其环境污染的具体程度,能在同一评价等级内对不同环境质量的评价对象进行更加细微的污染程度的比较。结果表明,合肥市新站综合开发试验区环境综合质量介于轻度污染和中度污染的标准极限值之间,属于中度污染。     

Experimental research on displacing coal bed methane with supercritical CO2

The high-gas and low-permeability are the common problems of China coal mine, which restrain the mining of coal-seam gas resources safely and efficiently. Hence, to solve the problem of low permeability of coal seam, an experimental system was set up and experimental research was conducted to investigate the effect of the displacement of methane by injecting supercritical CO₂ into coal samples. The experimental results indicated that, the extraction effect of supercritical CO₂ changes the coal’s porosity, and broadens the seepage channel for methane. Thus, the methane could be desorbed effectively from the coal matrix, and flow through more cracks at higher speed.     

Bridging the gap between the field and the lab: Environmental goods, policy maker input, and consequentiality

This paper explores the criterion validity of stated preference methods through experimental referenda that capture key characteristics of a stated preference survey for a proposed environmental program. In particular, we investigate whether advisory referenda, where participant votes have either known or unknown weight in the policy decision, can elicit values comparable to that of a standard, incentive-compatible referendum. When participants regard their votes as consequential, our results suggest there is no elicitation bias with advisory referenda. For advisory referenda where participants view their votes as inconsequential, and for purely hypothetical referenda, we observe elicitation bias.     

The dynamic response of pressure relief valves in vapor or gas service. Part II: Experimental investigation

An experimental testing program designed to evaluate the opening stability characteristics of direct acting pressure relief valves (PRV) in gas/vapor service is described. Three different valve sizes from each of three different manufacturers were tested at two different set pressures to determine their opening characteristics (disk lift vs. time). The valves were tested with several different lengths of inlet piping as well as with and without discharge piping to determine the conditions under which unstable operation (chatter) would occur. Part I of this program described a mathematical model for predicting the dynamic response of PRV's, and the data described in this test program were used to evaluate the accuracy of the model, as described in Part III of this study to follow.