城市生活垃圾处理技术的现状与发展趋势

针对我国目前城市生活垃圾的现状和特点,简要介绍了处理城市生活垃圾的几种方法和处理技术的发展趋势。     

陕北生态脆弱区小尺度生态恢复的生态经济承载力研究

为了研究生态恢复过程中复合承载力变化,以陕北县南沟小流域的生态恢复试验为例,应用能值方法揭示了该流域的动态可持续性.同时,应用情景模拟方法研究了在不同能值生活标准下的承载力变化,探讨了生态恢复对承载力的影响.结果显示,2002~2005年流域环境负载率（ELR）总体上有所下降,持续性指数（ESI）有所增加.流域可更新资源承载力、中国1996年生活标准下以及全球1999年生活标准下的人口承载力分别为938人（下限）、10853人和3020人（上限）.根据基于面积的承载力计算方法,流域可更新资源承载力和中国1996年生活标准下承载力分别为17844hm2和6572hm2,分别为流域面积的3倍和1.1倍.上述结果表明,生态恢复提高了流域资源利用和转换效率,环境负载率下降,流域现有人口及其生产规模基本在其承载力范围内,但已经接近上限.鉴于当前较低的生活标准,流域的承载力有待进一步提高.     

面向21世纪城市绿化发展的思路与对策——以上海为例

本文以上海为例,探讨了生态平衡、生态位配置、互惠共生和物种多样性等生态学原理在绿地生态建设中的理论和实际应用意义,并从城市绿地指标确定、合理规划布局、丰富植物材料、城市自然公园建设及立体绿化等方面分析讨论了面向２１世纪我国城市绿化发展的思路与对策。     

上海市典型综合型地下空间空气污染特征分析

对上海市某综合型城市地下空间空气进行采样、监测,得到CO 2、TVOC、甲醛、微生物、PM 10、PM 2.5等6类污染物的特征分布,基于国内外不同的空气质量标准作分析比较。结果表明,该典型综合型地下空间的空气污染情况较普遍,其中甲醛、TVOC污染较为突出,平均浓度超标倍数分别为1.056倍、3.755倍;共发现9种潜在致病菌属,占总数的0.893%。地下空间污染物的累积与内部建筑的设计、装修、功能属性、空调系统等众多因素有关。     

Development of an Ozone Forecasting Model for Non-Attainment Areas in the State of Ohio

Ground level ozone is responsible for the formation ofsmog, and for a variety of adverse effects on bothhuman and plant life. High concentrations of groundlevel ozone occur during the summer months. This paperdescribes the development of a model to forecast themaximum daily concentration of ozone as a function ofthe maximum surface temperature, for ozonenon-attainment regions in Ohio. The model wasdeveloped by statistical analysis of existing data.Site-specific models were developed initially. Theverification and evaluation of the performancecriteria of the model at each site were explored bycomparing the model with an independent datasetcollected from that site. A generalized statewidemodel was developed from the site-specific models. Theperformance criteria of this model were verified andevaluated by employing the same independent datasetsemployed for the site-specific models. An exceedencemodel to predict the occurrence of ozone exceedencesover 100 ppb has also been presented.     

垂直流湿地处理低浓度生活污水的水力负荷

在5种水力负荷条件下,采用连续进水、间歇排水的运行方式,对2种垂直流湿地处理低浓度生活污水的去除效果进行了研究.结果表明,在水力负荷为0.085,0.106,0.141,0.212m³/(m²d)的条件下,多层填料(1#)湿地和双层填料(2#)湿地对COD_Cr和NH_{4⁺-N的去除无明显差异,出水CODCr和NH4⁺-N浓度均低于30mg/L和5mg/L.两垂直流湿地CODCr净化负荷与有机污染负荷之间呈显著的正相关关系(n=4R2>0.98).垂直流湿地中氮的去除主要是依靠微生物的硝化和反硝化作用;进水水质、水力负荷和温度等影响湿地系统硝化和反硝化作用的进行,水力负荷为0.141m³/(m²d)时,总氮(TN)去除效率与有机污染负荷呈正相关.}     

农村生活垃圾管理初探——青树坪镇垃圾污染现状调查分析报告

对湖南省双峰县青树坪镇周边4个村的生活垃圾的产量、成份、特征、污染现状等进行了调查。发现农村生活垃圾得不到及时有效的处理,垃圾中的有毒有害物质进入到土壤、河流中,最终造成农产品减产和品质下降,同时也对农村居民的健康构成威胁。在村设置垃圾收集点,由乡镇负责到各点收集并运送到县垃圾处理厂统一处理的处理模式可以解决此问题。     

大庆油田湖泊湿地景观生态设计探讨

采用景观生态设计的方法,将大庆油田职工生活居住区内湖泊湿地的湖盆、湖岸、湿地、水体及植物、地貌、土壤等自然因素作为一个整体,对湖底、湖岸、浅水区、湖滨带等地进行了景观生态设计。该设计方案体现了地方性特征,保护与节约了自然资源,显露了自然特色,达到了对环境影响最小、资本投入少、生态效益最大的设计目的。     

黄土高原住区生活垃圾处理与资源化研究

以延安市为示范点对黄土高原住区生活垃圾的处理与资源化进行了研究。在对目前延安市生活垃圾特点和处理与资源化现状进行调查和分析的基础上 ,提出了以垃圾分类收集为关键 ,分别进行卫生填埋和焚烧的生活垃圾处理系统 ,并对卫生填埋和焚烧工艺的重要部分进行了设计     

Thinking critically about smart city experimentation: entrepreneurialism and responsibilization in urban living labs

ABSTRACT

The proliferation of smart technologies, big data, and analytics is being increasingly used to address urban socio-environmental problems such as climate change mitigation and carbon control. Electricity systems in particular are being reconfigured with smart technologies to help integrate renewable generation, enhance energy efficiency, implement new forms of pricing, increase control and automation, and improve reliability. Many of these interventions are experimental, requiring real-world testing before wider diffusion. This testing often takes place in “urban living labs,” integrating urban residents as key actors in experimentation with goals for broader sustainability transitions. In this paper, I investigate one such urban living lab focused on smart grid research and demonstration in a residential neighbourhood in Austin, Texas. I develop a framework based in governmentality studies to critically interrogate urban experimentation. Findings suggest that the focus of experimentation devolves urban imperatives into individual responsibilities for socio-environmental change. Managing carbon emissions through energy efficiency, renewable energy, and conservation is promoted as a form of self-management, wherein households reconfigure everyday activities and/or adopt new technologies. At the same, sociotechnical interventions are shaped by technology companies, researchers, and policy-makers marking a central feature of contemporary urban entrepreneurialism. This skews the potential of active co-production, and instead relies on the delegation of responsibility for action to a constrained assemblage of smart technologies and smart users.