苯胺黑药高效降解菌(Bacillus vallismortis)胞外聚合物去除重金属的研究

微生物胞外聚合物(Extracellular Polymeric Substances,EPS)在废水中重金属的吸附去除过程中起着非常重要的作用.苯胺黑药高效降解菌(Bacillus vallismortis)对苯胺黑药有良好的降解能力,但对其吸附重金属的性能研究还不充分.因此,本文采用3种方法提取苯胺黑药高效降解菌的EPS,主要考察了p H、温度、底物浓度和时间对重金属去除效果的影响.结果表明,热提法提取的效率较高;p H对金属离子吸附影响很大,当p H7时,随着p H变大吸附量逐渐升高,而温度对吸附量影响不大.EPS对Cu~(2+)、Zn~(2+)的去除为快速表面吸附过程,在第8 min时对Cu~(2+)、Zn~(2+)的去除率分别达到了90.7%、52.3%,EPS对Cu~(2+)、Zn~(2+)的吸附表观上符合拟二级动力学规律.在单一体系中,根据Langmuir方程计算出EPS对Cu~(2+)的最大吸附量为2.155 mg·mg-1,对Zn~(2+)的最大吸附量为0.508 mg·mg-1;Cu~(2+)吸附过程与Freundlich方程拟合效果较好,Zn~(2+)吸附过程与Langmuir方程拟合效果较好.红外光谱分析结果表明,EPS表面的羟基、氨基、酰胺基团、羧基和C—O—C基团都参与了吸附,且Cu~(2+)和Zn~(2+)的吸附位点基本一致,本文的研究结果对工程实践具有一定的理论指导意义.     

胞外聚合物对活性污泥吸附生活污水碳源的影响

为探索活性污泥中不同层胞外聚合物(SB-EPS、LB-EPS和TB-EPS)对污泥吸附性能的影响,以培养污泥、污水厂污泥为研究对象,采用加热法分层提取EPS,研究不同层EPS对生活污水中COD的吸附特征,并采用Lagergern单层吸附动力学模型、Ritchie双层吸附模型和颗粒内扩散模型方程进行动力学数据分析.结果表明:两种污泥的原污泥、-SB污泥和培养-LB污泥与Lagergern单层吸附模型和Ritchie双层吸附模型的拟合效果均比较好,说明污泥吸附过程既存在单层的物理吸附过程,又存在多层的物理化学吸附过程.污泥从外层到内层,EPS含量逐步增加,蛋白质与多糖比值均为外层小于内层,但培养污泥LB-EPS中蛋白质与多糖比值大于TB-EPS.两种污泥单位SB-EPS的吸附量分别为0.650 mg·mg~(-1)、3.37 mg·mg~(-1),吸附速率比原污泥分别增加了0.0997 min-1、0.0390 min-1,因此,SB-EPS可吸附有机污染物,但吸附速率较小.两种污泥单位TB-EPS的吸附量分别为1.06 mg·mg~(-1)、0.443 mg·mg~(-1),吸附速率比原污泥分别增加了10.7 min-1、0.183 min-1,因此,TB-EPS结构紧密,导致吸附速率减慢,但其能很好地将吸附上的污染物保存在菌体细胞壁外而不被释放.而LB-EPS对污染物没有储存能力,只有快速传递污染物的能力.     

活性污泥胞外聚合物中蛋白质的探针分析方法

应用微相吸附-光谱修正技术(Microsurface adsorption-spectral correction,简称MSASC),利用刚果红(Congo Red,简称CR)探针测定了活性污泥胞外聚合物(Extracellular polymeric substances,简称EPS)中蛋白质(Protein)的含量,与常用的Folin酚法比较,结果一致,蛋白加标回收率为94.5%～107.1%,相对标准偏差(RSD)＜4.5%.对反应机理的分析和产物结合常数的计算结果表明,在pH 2.21时CR-Protein作用符合Langmuir单分子层吸附理论,产物的结合比79∶1,结合常数K=2.17×106,聚集形式为Protein·CR79,摩尔吸收系数ε664r=8.50×105L·mol-1·cm-1.     

Study on membrane fouling of submerged membrane bioreactor in treating bathing wastewater

A pilot-scale submerged membrane bioreactor (MBR) was used to treat the bathing wastewater for more than 90 d. Several factors affecting membrane fouling were studied, including the variation in transmembrane pressure (TMP), changes in extracellular polymeric substance (EPS), and distribution of membrane resistance (R). The relationships between R and EPS concentration were found to be R = 0.00008(EPSS)2.915 in the mixed liquor (EPSS) and R = 0.2853(EPSm) - 0.824 on the membrane surface (EPSm). The constant...     

新型混凝剂聚硅硫酸铝的研究

以硫酸铝、水玻璃、铝酸钠为主要原料制备的新型混凝剂聚硅硫酸铝，其产品的Ａｌ２Ｏ３含量约８％，盐基度４０％￣６０％，对制备的ＰＡＳＳ溶液经５个月的贮存，其性质稳定，ＰＡＳＳ在去浊试验中，无论常温和低温均低优于硫酸铝。对三种工业废水进行混凝处理，取得令人满意的ＣＯＤｃｒ去除率。     

从钢铁酸洗废液制备聚合氯化铁及其应用研究

以钢铁酸洗废液和废铁屑为原料，测定了Fe^3 和Fe^2 含量，把过量的废铁屑加入钢铁酸洗废液中，使整个溶液还原成氯化亚铁溶液。采用氯酸钠氧化法，在(60～70)℃范围内经氧化、水解、聚合，然后加入一定量的稳定剂制得聚合氯化铁(PFC)溶液，讨论了影响聚合反应的主要因素。对炼油厂废水进行处理，合成的聚合氯化铁的处理效果明显优于市售聚合硫酸铁和三氯化铁。     

Stimulation of human amniotic fluid cell proliferation and colony formation by cell plating on a naturally produced extracellular matrix

Human amniotic fluid cells exhibit a higher cloning efficiency and rate of cell proliferation when maintained on dishes coated with a naturally produced extracellular matrix (ECM) in comparison with the regular tissue culture plastic. In 22 out of 31 amniotic fluid samples there was by plating the cells on ECM a 2–6 fold increase in number and size of colonies and in the cell density per colony as detected by actual staining and viewing of each colony. These effects yielded, in 21 of 41 additional samples, a reduction ranging from 2–8 days, in the culture time elapsing between amniocentesis and the first harvesting of cells for chromosomal analysis. An even greater effect was obtained with primary cells that failed to attach to plastic surfaces and stayed floating in the medium but did attach and proliferate when seeded on ECM. Cells that were left firmly attached to ECM after the first trypsinization and harvesting of cells for chromosomal analysis yielded colonies ready for second karyotyping in less than half the time required for cells maintained on plastic. Studies with secondary cultures of human amniotic fluid cells have demonstrated a 5–10 fold decrease in serum requirement of cells cultured on ECM as compared with plastic. Addition of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) to the cultures further potentiated the effects of ECM. The ECM induced stimulation of cell attachment and proliferation was not associated with any chromosomal anomalies, nor did it interfere with the handling procedure. ECM coated dishes may be useful to reduce the time interval between amniocentesis and diagnosis, in particular when the amniotic cells exhibit an exceedingly slow rate of proliferation on plastic or when large quantities of cells are required for enzymatic studies.     

聚合物在沉淀法处理氨氮废水中的助凝作用

在采用化学沉淀法处理氨氮废水时,添加聚合物能提高了悬浮物的效率,从而节约了沉淀剂的使用量降低了处理成本.研究考查在沉淀剂中添加聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)、聚合氯化铝(PAc)对氨氮去除的影响.结果表明:在pH值为9.3,主要离子的物质量之比为1:1:1、聚丙烯酰胺添加量为20mg/L或聚合氯化铝添加量为200mg/L的条件下,处理初始浓度为1000mg/L的氨氮废水,均可使氨氮去除率可达到99%以上,PAM和PAC的助凝作用综合比较,添加20mg/L可以使氨氮率较未加入时提高5.38%.     

Application of organic polymeric flocculants in centrifugal dewa—tering of oil refinery sludge

In order to evaluate the applicability of the organic polymeric floeculants(OPF) in the treatment of oil refinery sludge, experiments were conducted to show that OPF have better performance of flocculafion than inorganic flocculants. Both the anionic and cationic OPF have satisfactory floeculation efficiency in oil sludge treatment, but the latter are more cost-efficient. Among the over 20 types of floecolants tested,20PF(CPAM-2 and HPAM-2) were selected as the treatment agents, based on their good treatment performances, oil-resistance and economic feasibility. It was demonstrated in the industrial-scale centrifugal dewatering experiments that the application of either CPAM-2 or HPAM-2 could achieve high treatment efficiency of the oil sludge dewatefing and reduce the COD of centrifugal liquid to less than 1000 mg/L.     

聚合氯化铝(PAC)对腐殖酸有机溶胶混凝机理的探讨

采用一定铝总量［Ａｌ］Ｔ的不同羟铝比（ｒ＝［ＯＨ］／［Ａｌ］）的ＰＡＣ溶液对有机溶胶进行混凝实验．结果表明，聚合氯化铝表面张力（σ）与有机溶胶的ＣＯＤ去除率呈正相关．根据溶液表面张力与溶质水合能力的关系和不同羟铝比的聚合氯化铝中各种羟铝配离子的相对含量，探讨聚合氯化铝对有机溶胶的混凝机理．