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101.
秦岭安河矿区地表水、沉积物重金属污染研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以秦岭安河铅锌矿开采区和选矿区为研究范围,通过现场调查和系统采集地表水、沉积物样品,借助原子吸收分光光度计测试样品中Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Cr 5种重金属全量,并对不同重金属的形态含量进行了测定,综合分析了各类重金属在地表水、沉积物中的富集迁移规律,实现了重金属污染程度的综合评价。结果表明:矿区沟道地表水、沉积物已受到严重的重金属污染,重金属元素自上游到下游呈累积现象。下游地表水重金属含量超出农田灌溉用水水质要求。中游、下游沉积物重金属污染指数达到Ⅲ级污染,主要污染物为Pb、Zn。沉积物中重金属的有效态所占比例较高,对周围环境直接威胁大,显示出外源重金属直接注入的特征。 相似文献
102.
蔬菜水果中25种有机氯农药残留快速检测方法 总被引:25,自引:1,他引:25
采用固相萃取替代传统的液-液萃取技术和柱层析前处理技术,使蔬菜、水果中有机氯25种农药残留迅速得到分离、净化和浓缩.用双柱双ECD气相色谱同时定性、定量测定25种有机氯农药残留;25种农药在6种蔬菜、水果中3个浓度添加水平,平均回收率为70%-120%,变异系数小于20%,在HP-l和HP-17柱上最低检出限分别为:0.0011-0.0600mg/kg,0.0010—0.7575mg/kg.一个蔬菜、水果样品经一次处理,在1.0-l5小时内即可完成农药残留的检测,确定有无超标和违禁农药残留。 相似文献
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105.
Nicolai D. Jablonowski Stephan Köppchen Andreas Schäffer 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2009,157(7):2126-2131
Twenty-two years after the last application of ring-14C-labeled atrazine at customary rate (1.7 kg ha−1) on an agriculturally used outdoor lysimeter, atrazine is still detectable by means of accelerated solvent extraction and LC-MS/MS analysis. Extractions of the 0-10 cm soil layer yielded 60% of the residual 14C-activity. The extracts contained atrazine (1.0 μg kg−1) and 2-hydroxy-atrazine (42.5 μg kg−1). Extractions of the material of the lowest layer 55-60 cm consisting of fine gravel yielded 93% of residual 14C-activity, of which 3.4 μg kg−1 was detected as atrazine and 17.7 μg kg−1 was 2-hydroxy-atrazine. The detection of atrazine in the lowest layer was of almost four times higher mass than in the upper soil layer. These findings highlight the fact that atrazine is unexpectedly persistent in soil. The overall persistence of atrazine in the environment might represent a potential risk for successive groundwater contamination by leaching even after 22 years of environmental exposure. 相似文献
106.
Baig MN Leeke GA Hammond PJ Santos RC 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2011,159(7):1802-1809
Extractions of volatile organic compounds (VOC’s) in contaminated soil from petroleum site were performed with supercritical carbon dioxide at different temperatures, pressures, extraction times, solvent flow rates, soil moisture contents and soil acidity. Three soil systems were investigated in order to compare the best parameters for extraction. A central composite rotatable design has been used to evaluate the influence of operation conditions on the extraction efficiency to generate model equations representing the types of soil. The results indicate that at least 70-80% of the initial amount of VOC’s can be removed at moderate temperatures even at very high moisture content. Supercritical extraction is best suited to silt type soils which have a low adsorption capacity. VOC’s recoveries from the artificial contaminated soil samples were higher in comparison with real contaminated soils. At moderate temperatures, the extraction efficiency for real soils is low because pollutants bind strongly to the soil. 相似文献
107.
Simultaneous extraction of Cr(VI) and Cu(II) from humic acid with new synthesized EDTA derivatives 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Soil washing is one of the few permanent treatment alternatives for removing metal contaminants. Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and its salts (EDTA) is very effective at removing cationic metals and has been utilized globally. However it is ineffective for anionic metal contaminants or metals bound to soil organic matter. The simultaneous removal of cationic and anionic metal contaminants by soil washing is difficult due to differences in their properties. The present study evaluated the potential of a washing process using two synthesized EDTA-derivatives, C6HEDTA (2,2′-((2-((carboxymethyl)(2-(hexanoyloxy)ethyl)amino)ethyl)azanediyl)diacetic acid) and C12HEDTA (2,2′-((2-((carboxymethyl) (2-(dodecanoyloxy)ethyl)amino)ethyl)azanediyl)diacetic acid), which consist of a hydrophilic polycarboxylic moiety and a hydrophobic moiety with a monoalkyl ester group. A series of equilibrium batch experiments at room temperature were conducted to investigate the efficacy of C6HEDTA and C12HEDTA as extractants for both oxyanion Cr(VI) and cationic Cu(II). Results showed that either C6HEDTA or C12HEDTA can extract both Cr(VI) and Cu(II) from humic acid simultaneously. However, C6HEDTA was less effective for Cr(VI) probably because it has no surface activities to increase solubility of humic acid, like C12HEDTA. Extraction of Cr(VI) was mainly attributed to the decreased surface tension and enhanced solubility of organic matter. Extraction of Cu(II) was attributed to both the Cu(II) chelation and enhanced solubility of humic acid. It was demonstrated that the hydrophilic polycarboxylic moiety of C12HEDTA chelates cations while the monoalkyl ester group produces surface active properties that enhance the solubility of humic acid. 相似文献
108.
在酸性溶液中,利用聚乙二醇-4000对水样中的苯酚进行萃取.并在聚乙二醇-4000、氨-氯化铵缓冲体系里对萃取相中的苯酚定量测定。在实验条件下,水样中苯酚被聚乙二醇-4000定量萃取并被4氨基安替比林定量测定。该方法快速、简单、无毒、为水样中苯酚的分离测定提供了一种较好的方法。 相似文献
109.
新型显色剂2-对氨基苯基-2'-羟基二乙胺与水中挥发酚在碱性条件下,经铁氰化钾作用发生反应,反应产物用乙酸丁酯萃取后在可见紫外分光光度计600 nm波长下比色定量。该方法测定挥发酚在0.001 mg/L~0.100 mg/L范围内线性良好,方法检出限为0.000 8 mg/L,加标回收率为100%。用该方法与4-氨基安替吡啉三氯甲烷萃取分光光度法同时测定实际水样,结果无显著差异。 相似文献
110.
建立了固相萃取-高效液相色谱-质谱联用法对雌三醇、氟哌噻吨、炔雌醇、雄烯二酮、雌二醇、雌酚酮、睾酮共7种类固醇激素的检测方法。样品经C18萃取小柱富集净化,采用内标法定量时,方法的检出限为0.66~1.95 ng/L,R0.998,回收率为78.5%~94.6%,相对标准偏差为1.1%~7.7%。采用该方法对上海市地表水进行测定,在2个采样点中检出雌酚酮(1.88 ng/L)和雄烯二酮(1.48 ng/L)。 相似文献