菜场有机垃圾压缩脱水特性实验研究

为优化菜场垃圾压缩及脱水机械设计参数,获取最佳的压强值和垃圾在压缩仓内的保压时间,进行了菜场有机垃圾压缩脱水特性实验研究。通过压缩实验及对数据的分析,提出了有机垃圾压缩转运时的合理压缩强度范围为1.5～2.4 kg/cm2;通过压缩脱水实验及对数据的分析得到:压强一定时,保压时间越长,出水量越大;而保压时间一定时,压强增大,脱水率也增加,但2组数据变化均为非线性。对大白菜的实验表明,其合理的脱水压强和保压时间分别为2.4 kg/cm2和30 s左右。     

超声波辅助破乳法回收石化罐底油泥中的原油

采用超声波辅助破乳法对安庆石化罐底油泥进行脱水处理,进而回收原油。考察了超声功率、水浴温度、超声时间、破乳剂加入量对油泥脱水率和原油回收率的影响。采用显微镜对处理前后的油泥内部结构进行表征。实验结果表明:在超声频率28 k Hz、超声功率70 W、水浴温度70℃、超声时间15 min、破乳剂加入量50μg/g的最佳超声波辅助破乳条件下,油泥脱水率和原油回收率分别为92.3%和98.5%,比没有超声波辅助的传统破乳法分别提高了25.7百分点和12.3百分点。表征结果显示,经超声波辅助破乳处理后,水滴的粒径和数量均明显减少,说明超声波辐射可有效地改善油泥的破乳效果。     

高效脱水霉菌的筛选及其脱水机理分析

用常规分离纯化方法从某池塘底泥筛选分离霉菌,根据菌落颜色和形态特征的不同共分离得到49株菌株。通过剩余污泥脱水实验获得高效脱水霉菌菌株D41,在24 h内使污泥比阻降低49.2%,含水率由最初的82.9%降至78.3%。通过机理研究发现,霉菌D41的投入使剩余污泥中多糖含量降低36.9%,从而改善剩余污泥脱水性能。     

剩余污泥浓缩脱水投药量优化和模型建立

应用高分子阳离子絮凝剂（CPF-100）和聚丙烯酰胺（PAM）对污水厂剩余污泥进行浓缩脱水实验,研究表明：CPF-100的浓缩脱水效果优于PAM;当CPF-00投加量为1．16‰时,污泥沉降性能改善程度为37．51％;且在CPF-100投加量逐渐增大的初始阶段,污泥沉降性能改善程度随投加量的增加而增大,但CPF-100投加量也不宜过大,当CPF-100投加量超过1．16‰后,反而会使浓缩脱水效果变差。同时,建立了污泥沉降性能改善程度与絮凝剂CPF-100投加量、沉降时间之间的数学模型,其能较好地反映污水厂剩余污泥的浓缩脱水效果。     

含油污泥处理技术方案

阐述了含油污泥处理存在的难点,通过对现有技术的分析,针对某石化厂含油污泥的特点提出了"调质机械脱水、干化减量化、热裂解"3种技术的组合工艺。运行结果表明该工艺能够有效实现含油污泥的减量化和无害化,处理后的含油污泥石油类物质含量低于0.01%,符合SY/T 7301-2016《陆上石油天然气开采含油污泥资源化综合利用及污染控制技术要求》。处理后含油污泥浸出液中重金属含量符合GB5085.3-2007《危险废物鉴别标准浸出毒性鉴别》标准。处理约2 000m3含液率85%的含油污泥,回收油品量约100t。     

Production and the application of anaerobic granular sludge produced by landfill

Sludge granulation is considered to be the most critical parameter governing successful operation of an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket and expanded granular sludge bed (EGSB) reactors. Pre-granulated seeding sludge could greatly reduce the required start-up time. Two lab-scale and a pilot-scale EGSB reactors were operated to treat Shaoxing Wastewater Treatment Plant containing wastewater from real engineering printing and dyeing with high pH and sulfate concentration. The microbiological structure and the particle size distribution in aerobic excess sludge, sanitary landfill sludge digested for one year, and the granular sludge of EGSB reactor after 400 d of operation were analyzed through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and sieves. The lab-scale EGSB reactor seeded with anaerobic sludge after digestion for one year in landfill showed obviously better total chemical oxygen demand (TCOD) removal efficiency than one seeded with aerobic excess sludge after cation polyacrylamide flocculation-concentration and dehydration. The TCOD removed was 470.8 mg/L in pilot scale EGSB reactor at short hydraulic retention time of 15 h. SEM of sludge granules showed that the microbiological structure of the sludge from different sources showed some differences. SEM demonstrated that Methanobacterium sp. was present in the granules of pilot-scale EGSB and the granular sludge produced by landfill contained a mixture of anaerobic/anoxic organisms in abundance. The particle size distribution in EGSB demonstrated that using anaerobic granular sludge produced by sanitary landfill as the seeding granular sludge was feasible.     

污泥超声处理研究的进展

阐述了污泥的超声脱水及降解机理，强调了絮凝剂对污泥脱水的重要作用，重点介绍了超声技术在污泥脱水中的研究现状及影响因素包括：频率、声强、功率、反应器的设计与换能器类型、污泥自身因素等进行分析，最后提出了发展方向。     

阴离子聚丙烯酰胺(APAM)和聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵(HCA)对给水厂污泥水分分布的影响及其与污泥颗粒的作用机制

为比较APAM和HCA对给水厂污泥调理的效果并探究其作用机制,测定了污泥调理前后的毛细吸水时间（CST）、污泥比阻（SRF）、溶解性有机污染物含量（DOC）、Zeta电位和絮体粒径的变化情况,并结合三维荧光谱图、液相-有机碳联用（LC-OCD）、热重差热法（TG-DTA）以及傅立叶红外（FTIR）的变化进行分析.结果表明,APAM和HCA的最佳投加量分别为0.05和0.10 g·L^-1,与之对应的CST分别从71.0 s降到25.8 s和37.6 s,SRF从9.72×10¹² m·kg^-1降到4.18×10¹² m·kg^-1和5.70×10¹² m·kg^-1,APAM的调理效果占优.HCA仅可释放毛细水,而APAM可释放污泥的毛细水和表面吸附水.APAM通过氢键的吸附架桥形成大块絮体以改善污泥脱水性能,Zeta电位的升高和有机物的变化显示出电中和及去水化作用是HCA的主要调理机制.本研究结果可为给水厂污泥脱水有机药剂的选择提供数据基础.     

影响原油脱水效果分析及提高脱水效果的应用

介绍了原油脱水机理,对影响脱水效果的因素进行分析,重点介绍影响原油脱乳化水效果重要因素之一的破乳荆,以及影响脱水效果的作用时间的加药破乳方式,特别是对难脱出乳化水的稠油进行了详细阐述。有针对性的对井楼稠油筛选出了更加高效的破乳荆,并且利用管道破乳方式,延长药荆作用时间,进一步提高了稠油整体脱水效果,取得了明显的经济效益。     

Elevated atmospheric CO2 and drought effects on leaf gas exchange properties of barley

Atmospheric CO₂ concentration (C_a) is rising, predicted to cause global warming, and alter precipitation patterns. During 1994, spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Alexis) was grown in a strip-split-plot experimental design to determine the effects that the main plot C_a treatments [A: Ambient at 370 μmol (CO₂) mol⁻¹; E: Enriched with free-air CO₂ enrichment (FACE) at ∼550 μmol (CO₂) mol⁻¹] had on several gas exchange properties of fully expanded sunlit primary leaves. The interacting strip-split-plot irrigation treatments were Dry or Wet [50% (D) or 100% (W) replacement of potential evapotranspiration] at ample nitrogen (261 kg N ha⁻¹) and phosphorous (29 kg P ha⁻¹) fertility. Elevated C_a facilitated drought avoidance by reducing stomatal conductance (g_s) by 34% that conserved water and enabled stomata to remain open for a longer period into a drought. This resulted in a 28% reduction in drought-induced midafternoon depression in net assimilation rate (A). Elevated C_a increased A by 37% under Dry and 23% under Wet. Any reduction in A under Wet conditions occurred because of nonstomatal limitations, whereas under Dry it occurred because of stomatal limitations. Elevated C_a increased the diurnal integral of A (A′) that resulted in an increase in the seasonal-long integral of A′ (A″) for barley leaves by 12% (P = 0.14) under both Dry and Wet - 650, 730, 905 and 1020 ± 65 g (C) m⁻² y⁻¹ for AD, ED, AW and EW treatments, respectively. Elevated C_a increased season-long average dry weight (DW_S; crown, shoots) by 14% (P = 0.02), whereas deficit irrigation reduced DW_S by 7% (P = 0.06), although these values may have been affected by a short but severe pea aphid [Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris)] infestation. Hence, an elevated-C_a-based improvement in gas exchange properties enhanced growth of a barley crop.