Evaluation of the antifungal effects of bio-oil prepared with lignocellulosic biomass using fast pyrolysis technology

This study was performed to investigate the utility of bio-oil, produced via a fast pyrolysis process, as an antifungal agent against wood-rot fungi. Bio-oil solutions (25-100 wt.%) were prepared by diluting the bio-oil with EtOH. Wood block samples (yellow poplar and pitch pine) were treated with diluted bio-oil solutions and then subjected to a leaching process under hot water (70 °C) for 72 h. After the wood block samples were thoroughly dried, they were subjected to a soil block test using Tyromyces palustris and Trametes versicolor. The antifungal effect of the 75% and 100% bio-oil solutions was the highest for both wood blocks. Scanning electron microscopy analysis indicated that some chemical components in the bio-oil solution could agglomerate together to form clusters in the inner part of the wood during the drying process, which could act as a wood preservative against fungal growth. According to GC/MS analysis, the components of the agglomerate were mainly phenolic compounds derived from lignin polymers.     

反硝化除磷颗粒污泥的活性恢复及对生活污水处理能力

实验利用序批式反应器(SBR)考察反硝化除磷颗粒污泥搁置1个月后重新投入运行,其活性恢复能力及对实际生活污水的处理效果。结果表明,颗粒污泥搁置后外观由淡黄色转变为灰黑色,颗粒重新投入反应器,11 d后颜色基本恢复,污泥浓度及活性迅速增加;对COD处理能力的恢复历时14 d,去除率稳定在80.32%以上;颗粒污泥对NH4+-N和PO34--P的去除在40 d时也恢复到正常水平;反硝化聚磷菌(DNPAOs)活性恢复期为50 d。颗粒污泥对低碳氮比的实际生活污水处理结果显示,当C/N<5.1时(生活污水比例>60%),无法满足系统内微生物生长要求,需要外加适量碳源进行补充。     

Synthesis of calcium phosphate hydrogel from waste incineration fly ash and its application to fuel cell

Waste incineration fly ash was successfully recycled to calcium phosphate hydrogel, a type of fast proton conductor. The crystallized hydrogel from incineration fly ash had a lower electric conductivity and a lower crystallinity than that from calcium carbonate reagent. However, the difference in electric conductivity between these crystallized hydrogels decreases with temperature. This was due to the presence of potassium in the incineration fly ash. The fuel cell with a membrane electrode assembly (MEA) using the calcium phosphate hydrogel membrane prepared from incineration fly ash was observed to generate electricity. The performance of this fuel cell was almost equal to that of a mixture of K₂CO₃ and CaCO₃ reagents; further, the performance of the former was superior to the fuel cell with a perfluorosulfonic polymer membrane at temperatures greater than approximately 85 °C.     

近似Rayleigh地震波作用下地下综合管廊响应分析

地下综合管廊是一种重要的生命线基础设施,目前对其抗震性能的研究还处于起步阶段。由于属于浅埋地下结构,故地震波中的面波、尤其是Rayleigh波可能会成为地下综合管廊破坏的控制因素。本文根据简谐Rayleigh波的特点,提出了近似Rayleigh地震波的概念,并在假定已知Rayleigh波水平分量的情况下,利用傅里叶变换求得近似Rayleigh地震波场。采用三维有限元模型,对地下管廊结构进行了地震响应分析。分析结果表明:本文建议方法可以有效地模拟波动的传播过程;地下综合管廊结构的变形以整体弯曲变形为主;结构顶面应变约为对应底面位置应变的两倍,与Rayleigh波沿深度衰减的规律相类似。     

煤矿井下故障电信号快速检测电路的动态研究

对利用动态整定实现故障电信号快速检测电路的动态特性进行了分析和模拟实验。用数字贮存示波器（ＤＳＯ）记录了各参量的动态变化过程,结果表明,快速检测电路在动态下能对故障电信号进行快速检测,采样时间短     

经济发达地区的生态农业发展战略--以江苏省江阴市为例

我国的经济发达地区普遍存在着人地关系紧张、环境质量恶化和农产品质量下降等问题,发展生态农业是缓解这些矛盾的重要途径。本文以江阴市为例,分析了经济发达地区农业发展中存在的主要制约因素,强调了区内发展生态农业的迫切性和优势条件,根据区域社会经济发展特点,指出该市应以为中心城市服务的都市生态农业为发展方向,借鉴发达国家生态农业建设的先进经验,将生态农业建设与农业现代化建设有机地结合起来,探索和推广适合本地特点的精准设施农业技术,达到节约水、肥资源,提高农产品产量和品质的目的。     

酸性条件下厌氧颗粒污泥活性抑制与恢复试验研究

取食品生产废水处理中试工程运行中现有的厌氧颗粒污泥进行活性抑制与恢复试验。通过慢性致毒与急性致毒作用的对比,分析酸性条件对颗粒污泥的抑制作用,研究颗粒污泥的耐酸性,并考察污泥活性恢复方法。结果表明:当进水pH=6.5,颗粒污泥活性受到轻微抑制,不影响系统的稳定运行;当pH值下降至4.5时,COD去除率和产甲烷量均趋于零。同时使用调节进水pH值、降低进水有机负荷、提高进水碱度以及调整水力停留时间等4种方法能有效恢复污泥活性,活性达到抑制前的80%左右。     

The Evaluation of Mesoporous Materials as Catalyst in Fast Pyrolysis of Wheat Straw

In this study, wheat straw was chosen as a biomass sample and the fast pyrolysis of this sample was carried out with or without catalyst at different conditions in a well-swept fixed-bed reactor. Experiments were carried out in a well-swept tubular fixed-bed reactor with a heating rate of 300°C/min, between pyrolysis temperature ranges 300–800°C in the nitrogen atmosphere. The results indicated that a maximum oil yield of 31.9% was obtained at a pyrolysis temperature of 500°C in non-catalytic procedure. Siliceous and Al-MCM-41 materials were evaluated as potential catalysts in the pyrolysis experiments. Mesoporous materials have large pore dimensions with strong acid sites. These acidic sites catalyze some reactions in pyrolysis. The product yields and the quality of bio-oil were influenced with using MCM-41 materials. The bio-oil yield was reduced, whereas the gas yield increased with using a catalyst in the experiments. An increase in the fractions of pure phenol, alkyl phenols, alkenes+alkanes, carbonyls, aromatic, and cyclic compounds and a decrease in the fractions of methoxy phenols, acids+esters, furans, and alcohols were observed in the presence of Al-MCM-41 material. According to all results, the use of Al-MCM-41 materials as catalyst in the pyrolysis can be suggested to obtain both quality fuels and valuable chemicals.     

改进铁路餐饮服务经营安全监督管理的思考

阐述铁路餐饮服务监督管理工作中食用油及食品添加剂管理、旅游列车供餐及沿线伙食团管理、快餐配送及网络订餐、相关监督工作文书使用等,根据国家相关规定,结合铁路管理现状和工作实践提出了应对和解决建议。     

低碳源废水培养的好氧颗粒污泥常温储存后活性恢复研究

通过考察好氧颗粒污泥特征、比耗氧速率（SOUR）、处理效果和菌群的变化,探索常温储存实际低碳源废水培养出的好氧颗粒污泥的可行性.试验结果表明,常温清水储存60d后颗粒结构未出现明显解体;污泥浓度由4960mg/L小幅降低至4740mg/L,但沉降性能保持良好（SVI为24.2mL/g）;SOUR整体下降较小（16%）,尤其是硝化菌的SOUR;污泥菌群在门和属水平上的相对丰度均发生了变化.在恢复运行后,颗粒形态恢复快且良好,粒径在长期运行后明显增大（200~250μm）;污泥沉降性能始终保持良好（SVI<20mL/g）,SOUR在运行20d后既能恢复;运行11d后COD处理效果完全恢复（平均出水COD为53mg/L）,运行5d后NH₄⁺-N处理效果完全恢复（平均出水NH₄⁺-N为0.7mg/L）.常温清水储存好氧颗粒污泥不仅操作方便,而且反应器能快速恢复稳定运行,具有显著的实际应用价值.