Life cycle assessment of a pulverized coal power plant with post-combustion capture, transport and storage of CO2

In this study the methodology of life cycle assessment has been used to assess the environmental impacts of three pulverized coal fired electricity supply chains with and without carbon capture and storage (CCS) on a cradle to grave basis. The chain with CCS comprises post-combustion CO₂ capture with monoethanolamine, compression, transport by pipeline and storage in a geological reservoir. The two reference chains represent sub-critical and state-of-the-art ultra supercritical pulverized coal fired electricity generation. For the three chains we have constructed a detailed greenhouse gas (GHG) balance, and disclosed environmental trade-offs and co-benefits due to CO₂ capture, transport and storage. Results show that, due to CCS, the GHG emissions per kWh are reduced substantially to 243 g/kWh. This is a reduction of 78 and 71% compared to the sub-critical and state-of-the-art power plant, respectively. The removal of CO₂ is partially offset by increased GHG emissions in up- and downstream processes, to a small extent (0.7 g/kWh) caused by the CCS infrastructure. An environmental co-benefit is expected following from the deeper reduction of hydrogen fluoride and hydrogen chloride emissions. Most notable environmental trade-offs are the increase in human toxicity, ozone layer depletion and fresh water ecotoxicity potential for which the CCS chain is outperformed by both other chains. The state-of-the-art power plant without CCS also shows a better score for the eutrophication, acidification and photochemical oxidation potential despite the deeper reduction of SO_x and NO_x in the CCS power plant. These reductions are offset by increased emissions in the life cycle due to the energy penalty and a factor five increase in NH₃ emissions.     

冰川积雪融水补给为主河流水库蓄水期起始时间的判定

如何科学合理地确定水库蓄水期起始时间对保证水库正常运行、下游灌溉、供水、河道生态需水等方面有重要的作用,尤其是以冰川积雪融水补给为主的河流水库。而目前在实际水库运行中也没有一个较好的合理确定标准和方法,只能根据流域特性水库运行管理人员主观确定,受人为因素影响较大,增加了水库正常运行的不确定性,不能充分发挥水库各方面的效益。因此提出在以MOD IS积雪监测数据基础上结合零度层高度监测数据即雪线高度合理确定水库蓄水期起始时间的方法,更具有说服力及合理性,对水库运行管理提供了一定的指导依据,有利于当地水资源的合理利用,并通过实际应用说明方法是可行的。     

Water-saving irrigation of paddy field to reduce nutrient runoff

The purpose of this work is to study the effect of a type of water-saving irrigation (WSI) on nutrient runo of paddy field. The volume of surface drainage was maintained low by WSI. In particular, WSI e ectively reduced surface drainage in rain events. Model simulation indicated that net runo load of total nitrogen (TN) from the paddy field was increased by WSI. Meanwhile, net runo loads of total phosphorus (TP) and total organic carbon (TOC) from the paddy field was decreased by WSI. Because ponding waters of the study fields were enriched with TP and TOC, WSI reduced runo of these nutrients by controlling the volume of surface drainage. WSI could be considered an e cient method for reducing runo loads and could conserve water quality in an agricultural watershed.     

Methane emissions during storage of di erent treatments from cattle manure in Tianjin

Many studies on methane emissions from animal manure have revealed that animal manure is a major source of methane emissions to the atmosphere that can have negative consequences for people, animals and environment. In general, the release of methane can be influenced by the type of feed taken by animals, temperature, manure characteristics and so on. This study aimed at quantifying and comparing methane release from dairy manure with di erent piling treatments. Four treatments were designed including manure piling height 30, 45, 60 cm and adding 6 cm manure every day until the piling height was 60 cm. Static chamber method and gas chromatography were adopted to measure the methane emissions from April to June in 2009. Methane emission rates of all four manure treatments were low in the first week and then increased sharply until reaching the peak values. Subsequently, all the methane emission rates decreased and fluctuated within the steady range till the end of the experiment. Wilcoxon nonparametric tests analysis indicated that methane emission rate was greatly influenced by manure piling height and manner. There were no significant relationships between methane emission rates and the temperatures of ambience and heap. However, regression analysis showed that the quadratic equations were found between emission rates of all treatments and the gas temperature in the barrels.     

TDE-85环氧/碳纤维复合材料热老化试验研究

采用动态热分析仪对TDE-85环氧/碳纤维复合材料进行测试,并在探索试验基础上,开展了一系列温度的热老化试验,选择弯曲强度作为TDE-85环氧/碳纤维材料的贮存寿命评定指标,通过对热老化试验后样品弯曲强度数据的统计分析,预测了其贮存寿命。     

浅议加油站清罐作业的HSE管理

介绍了加油站清罐作业的常见流程,以及清罐作业前的各项准备工作,探讨了加油站清罐作业过程的HSE管理措施及注意事项。     

某灵巧弹药红外敏感器部件贮存加速寿命试验应力的研究

对于结构复杂的新型弹药元件,难以通过传统的统计试验方法来验证其可靠性,而现阶段基于模型的加速寿命试验方法受到加速模型的限制,只适应于元器件级及材料级的传统弹药元件。在明确某灵巧弹药红外敏感器部件结构特征的基础上,以步进加速寿命试验理论与方法为依据,逐一对各组件进行分层次的贮存失效分析,归纳出贮存环境中导致红外敏感器部件失效的主要应力类型,并提出该部件可采取恒定湿度、步进温度的加速寿命试验方法进行可靠性验证。     

硝化污泥保藏特性的研究

研究了不同保藏方法对硝化污泥硝化活性和相关性状的影响.结果表明,不同饥饿保藏条件下,各种方法下的硝化活性均呈指数衰减,自然环境、4 ℃、-20 ℃、-20℃加15%体积甘油方法下的活性衰减速率分别为0.012 d-1、0.021 d-1、0.019 d-1、0.013 d-1,半衰期分别为1.71、1.09、1.22、...     

珠江三角洲森林生态系统碳密度分配及其储量动态特征

 在测定植被的含碳率与土壤有机碳含量的基础上,研究了南亚热带珠江三角洲地区森林生态系统碳密度分配及其储量动态.结果表明:植被平均含碳率为35.81%~51.60%,按照生物量加权的含碳率为46.57%~52.45%;土壤有机碳含量及其差异程度为表层最高,随土壤深度增加,有机碳含量及其差异逐渐减小;相同龄级的植被含碳率与土壤含碳量均表现为阔叶林>针阔混交林>针叶林,不同龄级的森林均表现为成龄林>中龄林>幼龄林.植被碳密度与土壤碳密度范围分别为23.58~139.18,55.54~151.16t/hm2,而且土壤分配比例均大于植被分配比例,但土壤分配比例随着龄级的增长呈下降趋势.1989~2003年间,珠江三角洲森林生态系统总体碳储量及其碳密度均呈上升趋势,这说明在改革开放高速发展时期珠江三角洲森林生态系统由于生物量的增加,起到了重要的碳汇功能,而且其碳汇功能正逐步提高.     

航空导弹贮存期寿命分析

系统地阐述了航空导弹贮存期寿命分析的相关背景和基本概念.从导弹贮存过程中故障发生的原因分类出发,区分了导弹贮存过程中涉及到的贮存寿命、免维修期、维修间隔期、使用寿命等概念.介绍了国内外导弹贮存期寿命分析相关研究领域的进展情况.最后,对航空导弹贮存期寿命分析领域的发展方向及关键技术进行了展望.