Shewanella oneidensis MR-1对不同价态砷的生物转化与甲基化

在实验室纯培养条件下,通过分别向培养基中投加As(Ⅲ)和As(Ⅴ),探讨Shewanella oneidensis MR-1对不同价态砷的生物转化与甲基化作用.结果表明,S.oneidensis MR-1介导下不同价态砷的生物转化与微生物对砷的耐受和代谢特性有着密切联系,在投加As(Ⅲ)时,由于细胞自身的解毒作用会产生少量的As(Ⅴ),同时在酶的作用下As(Ⅲ)与甲基供体结合生成甲基砷;而在投加As(Ⅴ)时,遵循Challenge机制,先产生一甲基砷后生成二甲基砷.此外,弱酸性环境比碱性更有利于甲基砷的产生;温度30℃时甲基砷的产生量较高,过低或过高的培养温度砷甲基化率下降.     

基于水生态系统结构特征的滇池流域水生态功能三级分区

水生态功能分区的目的是为了实现中国流域的"分区、分类、分级、分期"管理的精细管理理念,而水生态系统结构是水生态系统完整性的基础,也是区分不同区域生境特征与功能差异的重要指标.因此,为了实现更精细化的湖泊流域管理,在滇池流域完成水生态功能二级分区基础上,基于水生态系统结构特征进一步对滇池流域进行三级区划,进而反映流域水生态功能的空间异质性.以反映水生态系统结构的物理、化学与生物特征为依据,分别构建了滇池流域陆域与湖体的三级分区指标体系;通过对三级分区单元指标综合值进行聚类分级,最终将滇池流域的水生态功能三级分区划分为20个陆域区和4个湖体区,并利用底栖与藻类的生物数据对分区进行合理性评价.最后基于生态服务功能理论,结合滇池流域自身特点与管理需求,将滇池流域三级分区定义为不同的水生态功能类型.通过对滇池流域水生态功能三级分区的划分以及主体功能的确定,不仅为滇池流域水生态健康管理构建了空间管理单元,而且为湖泊水生态功能分区的研究提供了案例.     

Carbon paste electrode modified with chromium thiopental for the potentiometric flow injection analysis of chromium (III)

A chemically modified carbon paste electrode for chromium (III) based on the formation of ion-association complex of chromium with 5-ethyl-6-oxo-5-pentan-2-yl-sulfanyl-pyrimidin-4-olate (thiopental, THP) as electroactive ion-exchanger (Cr-THP) was prepared and investigated. The electrode has a linear dynamic range of 1.7?×?10^?6–1.3?×?10^?2?mol?L^?1, with a Nernstian slope of 19.6?±?0.5?mV per decade and a detection limit of 9.0?×?10^?7?mol?L^?1. It has a fast response time of <15?s and can be used for at least 7 weeks without any considerable divergence in potential. The proposed sensor revealed good selectivity for Cr(III) over a wide variety of mono-, di-, and trivalent cations and could be used in the pH range of 2.3–6.5. The proposed electrode was used in batch measurements and in flow injection analysis. The Cr-CMCPE was successfully applied for the determination of Cr(III) in real samples (wastewater of hot dip galvanizing unit and alloys). The present electrode was also used as an indicator electrode in potentiometric titration of Cr(III). The results were highly satisfactory.     

桉树遗态Fe_2O_3/Fe_3O_4/C复合材料对某尾矿库废水中砷的吸附研究

以制备的桉树遗态Fe_2O_3/Fe_3O_4/C复合材料(PBGC-Fe/C)为吸附剂,对某尾矿库废水中砷等重金属进行了吸附实验。研究了温度、pH、废水化学组成、吸附剂投加量及粒径等对吸附的影响。结果表明,吸附剂投加量越大、粒径越小,温度为35℃,p H为3左右吸附效果最好。但实际废水组分复杂,存在竞争吸附及化学沉淀等使砷的总去除率随p H的增大而增大。综合考虑,吸附砷的最佳条件组合为废水p H=5,PBGC-Fe/C投加量0.06 g/m L,粒径150μm。此时废水中总砷质量浓度为0.487 mg/L,可达标排放。     

Biofidelity assessment of the 6-year-old ATDs in lateral impact

Objectives: The objective of this study was to assess and compare the current lateral impact biofidelity of the shoulder, thorax, abdomen, and pelvis of the Q6, Q6s, and Hybrid III (HIII) 6-year-old anthropomorphic test devices (ATDs) through lateral impact testing.

Methods: A series of lateral impact pendulum tests, vertical drop tests, and Wayne State University (WSU) sled tests was performed, based on the procedures detailed in ISO/TR 9790 (1999) and scaling to the 6-year-old using Irwin et al. (2002 Irwin AL, Mertz HJ, Elhagediab AM, Moss S. Guidelines for assessing the biofidelity of side impact dummies of various sizes and ages. Stapp Car Crash J. 2002;46:297–319.[PubMed] , [Google Scholar]). The HIII used in this study was tested with the Ford-designed abdomen described in Rouhana (2006 Rouhana SW. Abdominal impact injury research—a review. J Biomech. 2006;39(Suppl 1):S157–S158. [Google Scholar]) and Elhagediab et al. (2006 Elhagediab AM, Hardy WN, Rouhana SW. Advancements in the rate-sensitive abdomen for the Hybrid III family of dummies. J Biomech. 2006;39(Suppl 1):S158.[Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]). The data collected from the 3 different ATDs were filtered using SAE J211 (SAE International 2003 SAE International. Surface Vehicle Recommended Practice. Instrumentation for Impact Test—Part 1—Electronic Instrumentation. Warrendale, PA: SAE International; 2003. SAE Standard J211-1. [Google Scholar]), aligned using the methodology described by Donnelly and Moorhouse (2012 Donnelly BR, Moorhouse K. Optimized phasing of PMHS response curves for biofidelity targets. Paper presented at: IRCOBI Conference; 2012. [Google Scholar]), and compared for each body region tested (shoulder, thorax, abdomen, and pelvis). The biofidelity performance in lateral impact for the 3 ATDs was assessed against the scaled biofidelity targets published in Irwin et al. (2002 Irwin AL, Mertz HJ, Elhagediab AM, Moss S. Guidelines for assessing the biofidelity of side impact dummies of various sizes and ages. Stapp Car Crash J. 2002;46:297–319.[PubMed] , [Google Scholar]), the abdominal biofidelity target suggested in van Ratingen et al. (1997 van Ratingen M, Twisk D, Schrooten M, Beusenberg M. Biomechanically based design and performance targets for a 3-year-old child crash dummy for frontal and side impact. Paper presented at: 41st Stapp Car Crash Conference; 1997. [Google Scholar]), and the biofidelity targets published in Rhule et al. (2013 Rhule H, Donnelly B, Moorhouse K, Kang YS. A methodology for generating objective targets for quantitatively assessing the biofidelity of crash test dummies. Paper presented at: 23rd Enhanced Safety of Vehicles Conference; 2013. [Google Scholar]). Regional and overall biofidelity rankings for each of the 3 ATDs were performed using both the ISO 9790 biofidelity rating system (ISO/TR 9790 1999) and the NHTSA's external biofidelity ranking system (BRS; Rhule et al. 2013 Rhule H, Donnelly B, Moorhouse K, Kang YS. A methodology for generating objective targets for quantitatively assessing the biofidelity of crash test dummies. Paper presented at: 23rd Enhanced Safety of Vehicles Conference; 2013. [Google Scholar]).

Results: All 3 6-year-old ATD's pelvises were rated as least biofidelic of the 4 body regions tested, based on both the ISO and BRS biofidelity rating systems, followed by the shoulder and abdomen, respectively. The thorax of all 3 ATDs was rated as the most biofidelic body region using the aforementioned biofidelity rating systems. The HIII 6-year-old ATD was rated last in overall biofidelity of the 3 tested ATDs, based on both rating systems. The Q6s ATD was rated as having the best overall biofidelity using both rating systems.

Conclusions: All 3 ATDs are more biofidelic in the thorax and abdomen than the shoulder and pelvis, with the pelvis being the least biofidelic of all 4 tested body regions. None of the 3 tested 6-year-old ATDs had an overall ranking of 2.0 or less, based on the BRS ranking. Therefore, it is expected that none of the 3 ATDs would mechanically respond like a postmortem human subject (PMHS) in a lateral impact crash test based on this ranking system. With respect to the ISO biofidelity rating, the HIII dummy would be considered unsuitable and the Q-series dummies would be considered marginal for assessing side impact occupant protection.     

Application of Fe0/C/Clay ceramics for decoloration of synthetic Acid Red 73 and Reactive Blue 4 wastewater by micro-electrolysis

Dyes are common pollutants in textile wastewaters, and the treatment of the wastewater has now attracted much attention due to its wide application and low biodegradability. In this study, Fe⁰/C/Clay ceramics, a kind of novel micro-electrolysis filler, were sintered and employed in a dynamic micro-electrolysis reactor for synthetic Acid Red 73 (AR73) and Reactive Blue 4 (RB4) wastewater treatment. The effects of influent pH, hydraulic retention time (HRT), and aeration on the decoloration efficiencies of AR73 and RB4 were studied. The optimum conditions for wastewater treatment were: AR73, influent pH of 4, HRT of 2 h and aeration; RB4, influent pH of 5, HRT of 6 h and aeration. Under the optimum conditions, decoloration efficiency of AR73 and RB4 wastewater was 96% and 83%, respectively. Results of UV-vis spectrum scanning demonstrated that the chromophores were broken. Continuous running tests showed that improvement of micro-electrolysis system with Fe⁰/C/Clay ceramics for AR73 and RB4 synthetic wastewater treatment could avoid failure of micro-electrolysis reactor, which indicated great potential for the practical application of the ceramics in the field of actual industrial wastewater treatment.     

纳米Fe3O4的制备及其辅助吸附重金属离子的特性

采用自制半透膜水解法,以自制生物聚合铁为原料,以NaOH为沉淀剂,制备Fe3O4纳米粒子,并用XRD和TEM等方法对产物进行了表征,研究它对Pb^2 ,Cu^2 及Cr(Ⅵ)的辅助吸附及分离特性,结果表明：Fe2O4纯度较高,平均粒度在15nm左右;利用Fe2O4的大比表面和表面原子配位不足及顺磁性的特点,将其与浮游球衣菌复合,提高了对重金属离子的吸附效果,该复合吸附剂经再生可重复使用;纳米Fe2O4粒子可成为浮游球衣菌的絮凝核心而有助于体系的澄清。     

土壤及其主要化学组分对五氯酚吸附特征研究

研究了土壤原样及其去锰氧化物、去铁氧化物、去有机质和去水溶性有机质(DOM)土壤样品对五氯酚(PCP)的吸附规律,分析了土壤及其主要化学组分对PCP的吸附机制.实验结果表明,Langmuir方程可较好地描述PCP在各土壤样品上的热力学吸附过程.PCP在土壤上的吸附行为与自身性质和土壤理化性质密切相关,有机质和铁氧化物对PCP的吸附起到促进作用,而锰氧化物和DOM则能在一定程度上抑制PCP的吸附.通过Langmuir方程得到的拟合结果,可判断PCP在各土壤样品上的最大吸附量为去锰氧化物土壤样品＞去铁氧化物土壤样品＞去DOM土壤样品＞土壤原样＞去有机质土壤样品.     

Enhanced remediation of Cr（Ⅵ）-contaminated groundwater by coupling electrokinetics with ZVI/Fe3O4/AC-based permeable reactive barrier

Although widely used in permeation reaction barrier（PRB） for strengthening the removal of various heavy metals, zero-valent iron（ZVI） is limited by various inherent drawbacks, such as easy passivation and poor electron transfer. As a solution, a synergistic system with PRB and electrokinetics（PRB-EK） was established and applied for the efficient removal of Cr（Ⅵ）-contaminated groundwater. As the filling material of PRB, ZVI/Fe₃O₄/activated carbon（ZVI/Fe₃O₄