Ti/SnO_2-Sb阳极-空气阴极电催化降解染料废水

为解决电化学法处理高盐染料废水存在的能耗大、成本高等问题,分别采用溶胶-凝胶法和辊压法制备Ti/SnO_2-Sb阳极和空气阴极,构建了Ti/SnO_2-Sb阳极-空气阴极双极体系(TSSA-ADC)。甲基橙(MO)作为高盐染料废水的典型污染物,考察了电流强度、MO浓度、电解液浓度和初始p H对TSSA-ADC体系和TSSA单阳极体系降解MO的影响。结果表明:与TSSA单阳极体系相比,TSSA-ADC体系具有更好的抗有机负荷冲击、抗盐分冲击、抗酸碱波动能力,能够维护酸碱平衡防止硬度离子结垢。最佳反应条件为电流强度为0.030 A,电解液浓度为3%,MO浓度为100 mg/L,初始pH=6。以MO去除率达到98%为基准,TSSA-ADC体系比TSSA体系可节能74.26%。     

城市大气中臭氧浓度控制的困难与挑战——以成都市为例

研究城市化、工业化和区域经济一体化进程的不断加快,对城市大气环境的影响是当前大气环境领域研究的热点问题。在此过程中,利用空气质量模型模拟系统研究大气环境污染问题成为大气环境研究中不可缺少的组成部分。在当前空气污染复杂的形势下,针对城市大气环境中臭氧的浓度尚未有效的控制措施。研究主要利用Models-3/CMAQ空气质量模式对成都市臭氧浓度数值通过不同的控制情景进行模拟,揭示城市大气中臭氧浓度控制的困难与挑战,并尝试性提出今后的研究方向,以期为控制城市大气中臭氧浓度提供建议。     

运用批实验研究溶解氧对米酒去除硝酸盐的影响

为了判别不同溶解氧条件下脱氮效果和碳的需求量,在水温为25~30℃条件下,设置了缺氧、微氧和有氧3种输入条件,以及C/N分别为2.0、1.5两种碳源投放量开展实验。研究表明:溶解氧的存在对反硝化作用的启动有延迟作用,但影响较小。溶解氧对于反硝化过程并没有产生明显的抑制作用,但在溶解氧较低的情况下,反硝化速率更为理想。缺氧条件下,C/N的适宜值应低于1.5;微氧条件下的C/N适宜值在1.5~2.0;而在有氧条件下C/N=2.0时可高效去除硝酸盐。该研究可为农村地区家庭自行去除饮用水中硝酸盐的实际应用提供参考。     

UV/H_2O_2对氯消毒副产物TCM、DCBM的去除影响因素研究

针对UV/H_2O_2对氯化消毒副产物三氯甲烷(TCM)和一溴二氯甲烷(DCBM)的去除效果及影响因素进行研究,结果表明UV/H_2O_2方法对TCM和DCBM去除效果的影响因素有过氧化氢(H_2O_2)投加量、紫外光照强度、反应p H值和反应物初始浓度。通过不同的反应条件得出:H_2O_2在一定投加量变化范围(10~35 mmol/L)内,随投加量的增加,TCM和DCBM的去除率均呈先上升后下降趋势,H_2O_2最佳投加量分别为25,20 mmol/L;增大紫外光照(UV)强度,TCM和DCBM的去除率均显著提高;随初始p H值的增大,去除率均呈先上升后下降趋势,p H值为7.0时,去除率达到最佳;TCM和DCBM反应初始浓度分别为150,160μg/L时,其去除率最高,在有效时间内去除率分别为95.88%、92.56%。     

On the effect of Fe(III) on proliferation of Microcystis aeruginosa at high nitrate and low chlorophyll condition

The impact of Fe concentrations on the growth of Microcystisaeruginosa in aquatic systems under high nitrate and low chlorophyll conditions was studied. The responses of cell density, total and cell chlorophyll-a intracellular Fe content and organic elemental composition of M. aeruginosa to different concentration gradients of Fe(III) in the solutions were analysed. The results showed that the proliferation speeds of M. aeruginosa were: (1) decelerated when the Fe(III) concentration was lower than 50 μg/L in the solutions, (2) promoted and positively related to the increase of Fe(III) concentration from 100 to 500 μg/L in the solutions over the experimental period, and (3) promoted in the early stage but decelerated in later stages by excess adsorption of Fe by cells when the Fe(III) concentration was higher than 500 μg/L in the solutions. The maximum cell density, total and cell chlorophyll-a were all observed at 500 μg Fe(III)/L concentration. The organic elemental composition of M. aeruginosa was also affected by the concentration of Fe(III) in the solutions, and the molecular formula of M. aeruginosa should be expressed as C_7–7.5H₁₄O_0.8–1.3N_3.5–5 according to the functions for different Fe(III) concentrations. Cell carbon and oxygen content appeared to increase slightly, while cell nitrogen content appeared to decrease as Fe(III) concentrations increased from 100 to 500 μg/L in the solutions. This was attributed to the competition of photosynthesis and nitrogen adsorption under varying cell Fe content.     

Pd-MnO2 nanoparticles/TiO2 nanotube arrays (NTAs) photo-electrodes photo-catalytic properties and their ability of degrading Rhodamine B under visible light

Pd-MnO_2/TiO_2 nanotube arrays(NTAs) photo-electrodes were successfully fabricated via anodization and electro deposition subsequently; the obtained Pd-MnO_2/TiO_2 NTAs photo electrodes were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy(SEM), X-ray diffraction(XRD) and characterized accordingly. Moreover, the light harvesting and absorption properties were investigated via ultraviolet–visible diffuse reflectance spectrum(DRS); photo degradation efficiency was investigated via analyzing the photo catalytic degradation of Rhodamine B under visible illumination(xenon light). The performed analyses illustrated that Pd-MnO_2 codoped particles were successfully deposited onto the surface of the TiO_2 nanotube arrays;DRS results showed significant improvement in visible light absorption which was between400 and 700 nm. Finally, the photo catalytic degradation efficiency results of the designated organic pollutant(Rhodamine B) illustrated a superior photocatalytic(PC) efficiency of approximately 95% compared to the bare TiO_2 NTAs, which only exhibited a photo catalytic degradation efficiency of approximately 61%, thus it indicated the significant enhancement of the light absorption properties of fabricated photo electrodes and their yield of UOH radicals.     

一种低功耗高性能数据采集数字处理平台的设计

目的构建一套基于中频信号基带数字信号处理的软件无线电平台。方法通过选择芯片设计硬件电路设计出合适的PCB板。结果主要依据软件无线电平台,提出了一种基于A/D+FPGA+D/A的硬件设计方案,该系统包括了前端的A/D数据采集和后端的D/A模拟数据恢复的详细收发电路原理设计。结论构建了一个从前端数据接收到后端模拟发送的高速基带数字信号处理平台。     

某城市污水处理厂二期污水处理工程设计研究

详细介绍了某城市第一污水处理厂在现有工程的基础上二期工程的工艺设计以及构筑物、设备参数;二期工程充分利用原有工程场地,本着现有、新建运行管理便捷统一原则,采用改良型A/A/O生化池作为二级处理主体工艺;二期工程投入运营后,某城市污水处理厂达到20×104 m3/d的污水设计规模.最终污水厂出水水质达到了《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB 18918-2002)一级 A排放标准.污水处理厂运营后,经济效益显著,可保本经营,并具有企业自我发展的能力.     

间歇曝气SBR与传统SBR处理养猪沼液的比较研究

采用间歇曝气序批式反应器(intermittently aerated sequencing batch reactor,IASBR)和传统序批式反应器(SBR)处理养猪沼液,研究进水中化学需氧量(COD)与总氮(TN)比值(COD/TN)和运行负荷对污染物去除效果的影响.结果表明,在进水COD/TN约为2.2、氨氮负荷为(0.12±0.04)kg·(m3·d)-1时,IASBR中的氨氮、TN和有机物去除率分别为97.2%±4.4%、81.5%±7.5%、88.5%±2.4%,优于SBR的78.3%±19.6%、79.8%±4.9%、86.6%±3.2%;当氨氮负荷提高至(0.18±0.02)kg·(m3·d)-1时,IASBR中的氨氮、TN和有机物去除率略有降低,分别为92.4%±7.3%、77.5%±5.3%、86.4%±2.2%,但仍然优于SBR中的相应去除率78.1%±15.4%、61.8%±11.2%、81.8%±5.6%.在氨氮负荷为(0.20±0.01)kg·(m3·d)-1下,提高进水COD/TN至约3.0,则IASBR和SBR的污染物去除能力较进水COD/TN为2.2时有显著提升,IASBR中氨氮、TN和有机物去除率分别达到99.6%±0.2%、91.5%±2.9%和92.0%±0.9%,仍然高于SBR的90.2%±1.4%、83.0%±1.9%、90.2%±0.5%.总体而言,相较SBR,IASBR对TN和氨氮的去除更高效、耐冲击负荷能力更强,因此对养猪沼液等低碳氮比的废水更为适用.     

凤眼莲对富营养化水体中氨氧化和反硝化微生物的影响

凤眼莲近年来广泛应用于富营养化淡水湖泊的生态修复中,但其对微生物的相互作用和对水体中氮素的去除鲜有报道.本研究在氮素去除过程中对比凤眼莲和细菌的相对重要性,并且检测浮游植物对硝化细菌和反硝化细菌相对丰度及多样性的影响.水体中氮素的去除率以及硝化和反硝化作用的潜在能力使用定量聚合酶链式反应(qPCRs)对硝化作用基因amoA和反硝化作用基因nirS/K进行检测,从微观角度研究富营养化水体中是否会受到凤眼莲存在的影响.结果表明,TN的减少在70d的实验周期中所有处理组表现较为一致,但凤眼莲存在的实验组在24h内TN和NH_4~+-N的去除上有显著的降低,并且amoA的丰度有所增加,nirS/K的丰度有所降低.T-RFLP结果表明亚硝化单胞菌在氨氧化微生物中占优势.凤眼莲的种植可以实现富营养化水体中NH_4~+-N的快速有效减少,且微生物的相互作用可以充分利用到淡水生态系统的修复中.