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381.
A. Bhatia A. GhoshV. Kumar R. TomerS.D. Singh H. Pathak 《Agriculture, ecosystems & environment》2011,144(1):21-28
Physiological changes in crop plants in response to the elevated tropospheric ozone (O3) may alter N and C cycles in soil. This may also affect the atmosphere-biosphere exchange of radiatively important greenhouse gases (GHGs), e.g. methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) from soil. A study was carried out during July to November of 2007 and 2008 in the experimental farm of Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi to assess the effects of elevated tropospheric ozone on methane and nitrous oxide emissions from rice (Oryza sativa L.) soil. Rice crop was grown in open top chambers (OTC) under elevated ozone (EO), non-filtered air (NF), charcoal filtered air (CF) and ambient air (AA). Seasonal mean concentrations of O3 were 4.3 ± 0.9, 26.2 ± 1.9, 59.1 ± 4.2 and 27.5 ± 2.3 ppb during year 2007 and 5.9 ± 1.1, 37.2 ± 2.5, 69.7 ± 3.9 and 39.2 ± 1.8 ppb during year 2008 for treatments CF, NF, EO and AA, respectively. Cumulative seasonal CH4 emission reduced by 29.7% and 40.4% under the elevated ozone (EO) compared to the non-filtered air (NF), whereas the emission increased by 21.5% and 16.7% in the charcoal filtered air (CF) in 2007 and 2008, respectively. Cumulative seasonal emission of N2O ranged from 47.8 mg m−2 in elevated ozone to 54.6 mg m−2 in charcoal filtered air in 2007 and from 46.4 to 62.1 mg m−2 in 2008. Elevated ozone reduced grain yield by 11.3% and 12.4% in 2007 and 2008, respectively. Global warming potential (GWP) per unit of rice yield was the least under elevated ozone levels. Dissolved organic C content of soil was lowest under the elevated ozone treatment. Decrease in availability of substrate i.e., dissolved organic C under elevated ozone resulted in a decline in GHG emissions. Filtration of ozone from ambient air increased grain yield and growth parameters of rice and emission of GHGs. 相似文献
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氧化亚氮(N2O)是《京都议定书》规定的6种温室气体之一,其百年增温趋势是CO2的298倍,大气N2O浓度在持续快速增长中.浅水湖泊是大气N2O的重要来源,为探讨富营养湖泊太湖N2O排放的时空变化及潜在驱动因素,于2月(冬)和8月(夏)不同季节下在太湖进行野外观测,采用扩散系数-顶空瓶法观测表层水体N2O浓度[c(N2O)]和排放通量[F(N2O)],并讨论分析N2O排放的潜在驱动因素.由于溶解性有机物(DOM)光谱是溶解性有机碳(DOC)及溶解性有机氮(DON)来源组成的有效示踪指标,其迁移转化过程亦会释放大量无机氮,改变水体氧化还原电位,因而也能影响N2O排放.结果表明,太湖表层水体N2O的浓度和排放通量表现出的时间变化及空间变化强烈受到季节(水温)差异和营养水平的共同影响,其表层水体c(ČN2O)均值为(19.7±2.7) nmol·L-1,F(N2O)均值为(41.1±1.8)μmol·(m2·d)-1,两者均表现为夏季高于冬季(t-test,P<0.01);DOM和DOC等有机质的输入累积能够提高水体N2O的产生和排放潜力,其中N2O排放通量与水体类腐殖质组分C1显著正相关,表征陆源输入的荧光峰积分比值IC :IT及芳香性指标S275-295都表明西北入湖河口区积累了大量陆源类腐殖酸,其转化降解对N2O的产生及排放有较大的贡献.结果显示水温、DOM组成来源和营养水平等均是影响太湖水体N2O排放的重要因素.长期连续观测能更好地全面评估各种因素对水体N2O产生及排放的影响并科学合理地制定减排方案. 相似文献
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利用X射线晶格衍射(XRD)、N2吸附和X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)等对铈和钛掺杂后的铁氧化物晶相、孔隙结构及表面活性组分的分散度等物性进行表征分析,得到了铈和钛掺杂对铁氧化物低温NH3-SCR脱硝性能的促进机理.结果表明:铈和钛掺杂会抑制铁氧化物中Fe2O3的结晶,细化其孔径,增大其比表面积和比孔容;铈掺杂会促使铁氧化物表面形成Ce4+/Ce3+氧化还原电子对;进一步掺杂钛会提高铁铈复合氧化物形成更多吸附氧,增强其表面低温催化氧化NO为NO2的性能;且铈和钛掺杂增强了铁氧化物表面的吸附性能,尤其提高了对NH3的低温吸附,从而促进了铁基氧化物催化剂的低温NH3-SCR脱硝性能. 相似文献
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本项目根据烟气脱硝装置工艺特点,设计并搭建了臭氧腐蚀性测试装置和臭氧自燃点测试装置。利用搭建的测试装置开展了铁粉、碳粉自燃特性研究和吸收塔内非金属材料的腐蚀性研究。通过试验研究确定了铁粉和碳粉在臭氧环境下的自燃特性,同时利用光学显微镜对非金属材质腐蚀前后的表面形貌进行了表征,确定了臭氧对非金属材质的腐蚀特性。通过理论计算和试验研究确定了纯氧管道和含有一定浓度臭氧的氧气管道的工艺危险性。根据脱硝装置气体管道的研究成果给出了合理化建议。 相似文献
389.
The photocatalytic degradation of the organo-phosphorous pesticide phosphamidon at low concentration in aqueous solution on Ag-doped ZnO nanorods was investigated. Nanosized Ag-doped ZnO rods were synthesized by using a microwave assisted aqueous method. High molecular weight polyvinyl alcohol was used as a stabilizing agent. Composition and structure were investigated using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The XRD pattern reveals that ZnO nanorods are of hexagonal wurtzite structure. The average crystallite size calculated from Scherrer's relation was found to be 30?nm. The effects of catalyst loading, pH value, and initial concentration of phosphamidon on the photocatalytic degradation efficiency using Ag-doped ZnO nanorods as a photocatalyst have been discussed. The results revealed that Ag-doped ZnO nanorods with a diameter of 30?nm showed highest photocatalytic activity at a surface density of 1?g?dm?3. The catalyst doped with 0.2?mol% Ag is effective for the degradation of phosphamidon with visible light. This opens a new possibility to decompose pesticides that are present in wastewater. 相似文献
390.
AbstractThe effects of suspensions of cerium oxide nanoparticles sprayed onto marigold seedlings (Calendula officinalis L.) at concentrations between 50 and 3200 mg L?1 were studied. At concentrations of 50 and 100 mg L?1, the nanoparticles had a slight positive effect on some growth parameters, but at higher concentrations they caused severe oxidative damage. Activities of phenylalanine ammonia lyase and lipoxygenase increased from 400 mg L?1 upward, tyrosine ammonia lyase from 1600 mg L?1. Ascorbate and glutathione contents decreased from 400 mg L?1 upwards. 相似文献