Mn-Ce/Ti-PILC催化剂低温脱硝性能研究

以钛基柱撑黏土(Ti-PILC)为载体,采用浸渍法制备了Mn-Ce/Ti-PILC催化剂,并考察了其脱硝性能。在n(Ti)∶m(黏土)为15 mmol/g、焙烧温度为400 ℃、Mn-Ce负载量(w)为12%和6%、空速为120 000 h^-1的条件下,Mn-Ce/Ti-PILC在宽温度窗口180~260 ℃的NO转化率可达90%以上,N₂选择性可达80%以上;220 ℃时NO转化率接近100%,N₂选择性达86%左右。柠檬酸和Mo的掺杂可进一步提高Mn-Ce/Ti-PILC的脱硝性能。Ti-PILC载体结构有助于活性组分分散,且Ti与Mn-Ce之间可形成强相互作用。Ce的加入可降低催化剂酸性位点强度。     

磁性粒子/介孔碳的合成及其吸附性能

以介孔分子筛SBA-15为模板,采用三氯化铁和蔗糖同步浇铸的方法,利用纳米刻蚀技术合成了Fe-Fe3O4磁性纳米粒子/介孔碳复合体(简称磁性粒子/介孔碳)。XRD分析和高分辨透射电子显微镜表征结果表明,磁性粒子/介孔碳中含有强磁性粒子——Fe3O4和α-Fe。在初始罗丹明B质量浓度为200 mg/L的溶液中加入于碳化温度为800 oC下制得的磁性粒子/介孔碳1 mg/L,吸附190 min后,平衡吸附量为329 mg/g。吸附后的磁性粒子/介孔碳在乙醇中的脱附率可达93.7%。通过外加磁场可将吸附后的磁性粒子/介孔碳与溶液分离。     

Cu2O/PTCDI复合材料的制备及其光催化活性

] 以p型半导体氧化亚铜（Cu₂O）与n型半导体苝二酰亚胺（PTCDI）为原料,通过原位还原的方法制备了Cu₂O/PTCDI复合材料,并考察了其对亚甲基蓝的光催化降解活性。实验结果表明：与纯Cu₂O及PTCDI自组装体相比,Cu₂O/PTCDI复合材料的光催化活性与稳定性都有所提升; PTCDI自组装体质量分数为90%的Cu₂O/PTCDI复合材料对亚甲基蓝的降解率可达70%。Cu₂O和PTCDI自组装体的有效复合降低了光生电子和空穴的复合率,同时改善了Cu₂O和PTCDI自组装体的光催化活性。     

Transformations of nitrogen at the interface between the topsoil and an impervious clay subsoil

Much work has been done on gaseous emissions and leaching of nitrogenous compounds from whole soil profiles and also from soil surface measurements which are assumed to be mainly due to topsoil activity. In soils with an impervious clay subsoil, the boundary between the topsoil and subsoil may provide an interface for microbial activity, including N transformations. In this study, we investigated movement and transformations of two reactive N species (nitrate and urea) at the subsoil interface using a series of replicate, intact soil blocks, under two contrasting watering regimes. We measured fluxes in both liquid and gaseous phases and demonstrated that nitrate reaching the subsoil interface does not necessarily leach into water systems, but may denitrify immediately and could, therefore, add to atmospheric pollution through N₂O production. On the other hand, ammonium reaching the subsoil interface either directly, or after mineralization, appears to be more mobile than expected and has the potential to pollute watercourses.     

环氧丙烷生产中副产1,2-二氯丙烷的综合利用

介绍了近年来国内外环氧丙烷生产废液的综合利用情况。环氧丙烷生产中的主要副产物1，2-二氯丙烷，可直接用来制备农药D-D混剂和沥青涂料，直接用作油漆和涂料溶剂以及脱脂溶剂，还可以用于制备丙烯、氯丙烯、环氧丙烷和丙二醇等重要化工产品。同时指出了其综合利用的应用前景和发展方向。     

Effect of diet manipulation in dairy cow N balance and nitrogen oxides emissions from grasslands in northern Spain

Dietary modifications in dairy cattle have been reported as a useful strategy to alter the composition of manure. Many reports have been published on how changes in dietary crude protein content and forage-to-concentrate ratio reduces animal nitrogen (N) excretion, but little information exists about the effect of diet modification on nitrous oxide (N₂O) and nitric oxide (NO) emission when the subsequent slurry is applied on grassland. Two diets differing in forage:concentrate ratio (high forage or HF diet, 75:25; low forage or LF diet, 55:45) were tested to detect the improvement of N use efficiency in milk and the reduction of urinary and fecal N excretion. Triticale silage and barley grain were used as the main forage and concentrate sources in the diets. The subsequent slurries were characterized for N and ammonium-N content (NH₄⁺-N) and applied on grassland in order to study total and pattern of emission of N₂O and NO.The HF diet reduced the voluntary dry matter intake of the cows, N intake and urinary and fecal N excretion. However, the reduction of N intake did not improve the N use efficiency in milk (NUE) (21.0%) and did not reduce N excretion per unit of milk produced (15 g N l⁻¹) due to the lower milk yield. Slurries were similar in N content but differed in NH₄⁺ content, being lower in HF. Therefore, different slurry amounts were needed to be applied on grassland to reach the correct fertilisation rate (120 kg NH₄⁺-N ha⁻¹). Total emissions of N₂O (5.8 and 5.0 kg N₂O-N ha⁻¹) and NO (507.2 and 568.6 g NO-N ha⁻¹), and the pattern of emissions were not affected by dietary treatments. When fertilisation management depends on the collected volume to empty the slurry pit, higher N₂O and NO emissions per kg of slurry could be expected from LF slurry. Nevertheless, if slurry is applied following recommendation rates, N₂O and NO emission per unit of milk produced might be slightly lower from LF slurry. Grass yield (1.5 t dry matter ha⁻¹) and N uptake (50 kg N ha⁻¹) did not vary due to the applications of different slurries, and was attributed to low rainfalls. The correct management of the slurries on grasslands may justify an adequate nutritional strategy of dairy herds from an environmental and productive point of view.     

凹凸棒石/氧化锌纳米复合材料对亚甲基蓝的吸附性能

采用化学沉淀法在凹凸棒石的表面负载纳米氧化锌合成了凹凸棒石/氧化锌(ATP/ZnO)纳米复合材料.同时,研究了亚甲基蓝在纳米复合材料上的吸附行为,并从热力学和动力学角度探讨了吸附作用机理.吸附实验表明:纳米复合材料对亚甲基蓝有优异的吸附能力;纳米复合材料对亚甲基蓝的吸附热力学符合Langmuir等温吸附方程,最大吸附量可达110.50mg·g-1,吸附焓变为18.69kJ·mol-1,吸附自由能变为-33.06～-22.74kJ·mol-1,吸附熵变约为146J.mol-1.K-1,是一个自发的吸热过程;纳米复合材料对亚甲基蓝的吸附动力学符合准二级动力学方程,速率常数随着溶液初始浓度的提高而下降.     

生态稳定塘及植物净化法处理造纸废水的应用技术

文章以某稻草原料的纸业公司废水治理工程为例,论述工程建设的造纸废水生态处理系统,包括造纸废水厌氧处理塘、混合废水兼氧-好氧处理塘及育苇塘,其中纸机白水、中段废水含有较多的流失填料,采用斜网及沉淀处理后入生态塘系统。混合后的废水经兼氧-氧化塘-芦苇湿地处理系统,大大增加了其处理效果。排水经芦苇人工湿地净化处理,用以生产造纸原料芦苇塘的种植用水。工程配备完善的给排水系统和废水循环利用系统,实现废水的零排放。     

蔬菜残留农药的天然净化剂的开发与研制

以贝壳（扇贝壳和牡蛎壳等）为原料,进行高温煅烧处理,制成天然净化剂,对残留有机磷类农药（以氧乐果为例）的蔬菜样品（小白菜）进行清洗,利用分光光度法进行农药残留去除的测定。研究了反应时间、净化剂浓度等因素对蔬菜残留农药去除效果的影响,并比较了水、氯化钠、天然净化剂的去除效果。结果表明,0.05g/100 ml（5%）天然净化剂在洗涤5 min时,去除效果最好,去除率高达76.47%,其去除效果均高于同浓度的水和氯化钠。     

环氧乙烷/乙二醇装置的清洁生产

分析了中国石化扬子石化烯烃厂环氧乙烷／乙二醇装置主要环境污染源,介绍了装置采取的主要清洁生产技术及应用效果。