染料中间体废水的催化臭氧化预处理

自制了２种高活性的催化剂Ｍｎ－０２和Ｆｅ－Ｎｉ－Ｕｒｅａ,并对典型染料中间体废水－吐氏酸废水进行金属催化臭氧化预处理。对初始ＣＯＤ浓度约为１５００ｍｇ／Ｌ的废水,当臭氧投加量为０．８２ｇ／Ｌ时,ＣＯＤ去除率大于５０％,其臭氧化指分别为１．４４和１．０７,而相应的空白则为１．９０。     

金属氧化物催化剂上吡啶催化燃烧

为了研究催化燃烧法净化挥发性有污染物的可能性,考察了金属氧化物催化剂上吡啶的氧化活性及氧化过程ＮＯｘ控制能力,吡啶氧化产物ＮＯｘ随反应温度升高呈现极大值。催化剂的氧化活性ＮＯｘ控制能力呈正比关系。     

双(对羧苯基)苯基氧化膦阻燃改性聚酯的热解和燃烧特性实验研究

本文以双(对羧苯基)苯基氧化膦为阻燃单体,合成了阻燃共聚酯(COPET)。通过热失重分析和锥形量热分析,研究了阻燃共聚酯的热降解行为和燃烧特性,并对阻燃剂的阻燃机理进行了简单的讨论。实验结果表明,阻燃剂双(对羧苯基)苯基氧化膦是适于聚酯的较好阻燃剂,但其发烟量有待抑制。     

硫化氢硫醇废气的臭氧氧化试验

介绍了臭氧氧化法去除工业废气中的硫化氢、硫醇的试验情况,考察了臭氧浓度、停留时间和催化作用等不同因素对去除率的影响.试验结果表明能达到较好的去除效果,硫化氢、硫醇的最终氧化产物不是二氧化硫,不会增加二氧化硫的污染.     

掺杂La或Si对Ag/Al2O3催化剂热稳定性和脱NO活性的影响

利用 BET比表面测定和 X-射线衍射技术考察了掺杂 La或 Si的 Ag/Al₂O₃催化剂的热稳定性 ,并研究了富氧条件下 ,丙烯在这些催化剂上选择性还原 NO的活性 .结果表明 ,掺杂 La或 Si能抑制 Al₂O₃相变 ,使 γ-Al₂O₃完全转化为 α-Al₂O₃的温度升至 1100℃以上 .相应地 ,延缓催化剂比表面下降 ,从活性角度来看 ,当焙烧温度为 1100℃时 ,与掺杂 La或 Si相比 ,不掺杂 La或 Si的 Ag/Al₂O₃催化剂活性要低得多 ;当焙烧温度低于 1000℃时 ,掺杂少量 La(2 % La₂O₃)对 Ag/Al₂O₃催化剂活性影响不大 ,但是 ,掺杂 Si(2%或 8% SiO₂)或较高含量 La(8% La₂O₃)会导致催化剂活性降低 .综合考虑热稳定性和富氧条件下的 NO还原活性 ,认为掺杂较低含量 La(2% La₂O₃)的 Ag/Al₂O₃催化剂性能最佳 .     

富氧条件下在Ag/Al2O3催化剂上C3H6选择性还原NO

比较富氧条件下,Ｃ₃Ｈ₆ 在溶胶－凝胶和浸渍２种方法制备的Ａｇ／Ａｌ₂Ｏ₃ 催化剂上还原ＮＯ的活性和热稳定性． 结果表明,从活性角度考虑,采用溶胶－凝胶法制备Ａｇ／Ａｌ₂Ｏ₃ 催化剂时,最佳Ａｇ 负载量（ｗｔ）为４％ ～６％ ,其最大活性与浸渍法制备的２％ Ａｇ／Ａｌ₂Ｏ₃ 催化剂相同,而溶胶－凝胶法制备的催化剂有更宽的活性温度范围． 随着焙烧温度提高,溶胶－凝胶法制备的Ａｇ／Ａｌ₂Ｏ₃ 催化剂的比表面和活性下降比浸渍法慢．此外,还考察了气氛中含有ＣＯ对Ａｇ／Ａｌ₂Ｏ₃ 催化剂活性的影响,结果表明活性降低,其原因可能是活性高的氧化态Ａｇ 被ＣＯ部分还原为活性低的还原态Ａｇ．     

Magnetic composite prepared from palm shell-based carbon and application for recovery of residual oil from POME

Magnetic separation combined with adsorption by activated carbon has been found to be a useful method for removing pollutants. In this paper, the use of palm shell as a source of activated carbon for the removal and recovery of oil from palm oil mill effluent (POME) is studied. In the first part of the study, the properties of samples of activated carbon prepared from palm shell under a variety of different conditions were characterized for their hydrophobicity, surface areas and pore size distribution. The most effective of the activated carbon samples was prepared by impregnation with ZnCl(2) followed by combined physical/chemical activation under carbon dioxide flow at 800 °C. Four grams of these samples adsorbed 90% of the oil from 50 mL POME. In the second part, the palm shell-based carbon samples were given magnetic properties by the technique of iron oxide deposition. Ninety-four percent of the activated carbon/iron oxide composite containing the adsorbed oil could be extracted from the POME by a magnetic bar of 0.15 T. Four grams of the composite can remove 85% of oil from 50 mL POME and a total of 67% of the initial oil can then be recovered by hexane extraction. Powder X-ray diffractometry showed the presence of magnetite and maghemite in the activated carbon/iron oxide composite.     

非暴露式气管滴注3种典型纳米材料对大鼠肝、肾的毒性效应

为探讨纳米二氧化硅(Nano-SiO2)、纳米四氧化三铁(Nano-Fe3O4)和单壁碳纳米管(SWCNTs)对大鼠肝、肾的毒性效应,将49只雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为7组,包括生理盐水对照组,以及3种纳米材料的低剂量组(2mg·mL-1)和高剂量组(10mg·mL-1),采用非暴露式气管滴注法染毒,每2d染毒1次,每次每只0.2mL,共染毒5周,眼眶取血后处死大鼠,称肝、肾重量计算脏器系数,测定大鼠血清中反映肝、肾功能的生化指标,并对肝、肾进行病理学观察.结果表明,1)3种纳米材料均可导致大鼠体重明显降低,但对肝、肾脏器系数无明显影响;2)病理学观察发现,3种纳米材料均可导致大鼠肝细胞轻度脂肪变性,肾脏则无明显改变;3)3种纳米材料均可导致大鼠肝功能异常,部分肝功能指标如谷草转氨酶(AST)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)等出现显著降低;4)3种纳米材料均可导致大鼠肾功能异常,部分肾功能指标如尿酸(UA)、肌酐(CREA)、尿素氮(BUN)等出现显著升高或降低.以上结果提示,经呼吸道染毒的Nano-SiO2、Nano-Fe3O4和SWCNTs均可对大鼠肝、肾产生一定的毒性效应.     

Degradation of carbon tetrachloride by iron metal: Complexation effects on the oxide surface

Dehalogenation of chlorinated aliphatic contaminants at the surface of zero-valent iron metal (Fe⁰) is mediated by the thin film of iron (hydr)oxides found on Fe⁰ under environmental conditions. To evaluate the role this oxide film plays in the reduction of chlorinated methanes, carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄) degradation by Fe⁰ was studied under the influence of various anions, ligands, and initial CCl₄ concentrations ([P]_o). Over the range of conditions examined in these batch experiments, the reaction kinetics could be characterized by surface-area-normalized rate constants that were pseudo-first order for CCl₄ disappearance (k_CCl4), and zero order for the appearance of dissolved Fe²⁺ (k_Fe²⁺). The rate of dechlorination exhibits saturation kinetics with respect to [P]_o, suggesting that CCl₄ is transformed at a limited number of reactive surface sites. Because oxidation of Fe⁰ by CCl₄ is the major corrosion reaction in these systems, k_Fe²⁺ also approaches a limiting value at high CCl₄ concentrations. The adsorption of borate strongly inhibited reduction of CCl₄, but a concomitant addition of chloride partially offset this effect by destabilizing the film. Redox active ligands (catechol and ascorbate), and those that are not redox active (EDTA and acetate), all decreased k_CCl4 (and k_Fe²⁺). Thus, it appears that the relatively strong complexation of these ligands at the oxide–electrolyte interface blocks the sites where weak interactions with the metal oxide lead to dehalogenation of chlorinated aliphatic compounds.     

氧化亚铜光催化降解对硝基苯酚

采用生物效应灯模拟自然光源 ,研究氯化亚铜水解法制备的超细颗粒Cu2 O对对硝基苯酚的光催化降解作用 .结果表明 ,1 1 2mg·l- 1 ,2 2 4mg·l- 1 和 44 8mg·l- 1 对硝基苯酚 1 0h的降解率均达到 90 % ,降解反应符合一级反应动力学 ,且 7次重复使用试验显示 ,催化剂的使用寿命比硼氢化钠法制备的催化剂明显延长 ,降解的主要中间产物为对苯醌与对苯二酚 .