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241.
水库下游洪灾淹没损失的估算 总被引:10,自引:2,他引:10
本文为评价水库的防洪效益,探讨了水库下游保护区内洪水灾害淹没损失的估算方法,并通过实例进行了检验。这对水库的防洪规划及其它防洪效益定量估算问题有很大的意义。 相似文献
242.
A new, higher dam was installed at Kerkini Reservoir in 1982, causing habitat and landscape disruption. A decrease in the
area of grassland and shallow water areas, the rapid disappearance of reedbeds, the appearance of beds ofNymphaea, and the disappearance of half the forest area were all observed between 1982 and 1991. With the new hydrological regime,
a lacustrine system was created, with an extensive, rather deep (4–8 m), pelagic zone favorable for the development of coarse
fish species throughout the year. After 1982, an increase in fishing effort and a change in the relative abundance of fish
species in the catch, including the disappearance of eels and wels, were observed. The impact of the rise in the water level
of breeding aquatic birds led to a general decline in species typical of marshy habitats in favor of species preferring deeper
open water habitats. A decrease was recorded in bird species that feed largely on invertebrates and to a lesser extent fish
(e.g., glossy ibis) and that require extensive shallow feeding areas. There was a decline in geese, whose nests were regularly
flooded, and a major increase in piscivorous birds, particularly diving birds (e.g., cormorants), which prefer deeper open
water and benefitted directly from the large increase in coarse fish biomass. The disappearance of birds breeding in flooded
meadows (e.g., black-winged stilts) and of those restricted to reedbeds (e.g., marsh harrier) occurred from 1983. Over the
same period, the changes in populations of wintering birds at Kerkini were different from those occurring in other wetlands
in northern Greece. The changes recorded in the populations of wintering birds at Kerkini did not therefore result from overall
regional trends but from the major habitat modifications that occurred to this wetland. As for breeding birds, strictly piscivorous
species increased greatly as a result of the increased availability of fish, but also due to the appearance of many suitable
night roosting sites (flooded trees) and to the great increase in the area of open water greater than 2 m deep. Today, Kerkini
has become the most important breeding site in Greece for a majority of colonial waterbirds. In contrast, wintering shorebirds
practically disappeared. The many changes recorded in the status of breeding and wintering birds at Kerkini can mostly be
explained by the changes that occurred in the functioning of the ecosystem and in the habitat structure following the inauguration
of the new hydrological regime. These changes did not all occur at the same time: some were immediate and others required
a delay before they could be detected. 相似文献
243.
对平原浅水型大型水库的富营养化特征和水平作了深入研究,特别对标志富营养化的浮游藻类、浮游动物及底栖动物等作了模拟试验和现场验证,对加速白龟山水库富营养化的诱导因素作了详细探讨。 相似文献
244.
对太原市城市滨水区的建设治理工程在改善城市生态环境和增强城市灾害防御能力方面的重要作用进行了论述.提出在人口集中的城市滨水区进行大面积的生态建设,是社会进步、经济发展的必然要求,也是提高环境质量、推动城市可持续发展的必然趋势. 相似文献
245.
246.
为探究高磷背景水库沉积物中有机磷(OP)的空间分布及OP释放动力学特征, 本文采用Ivannoff法对西北口水库沉积物中的OP进行分级提取, 通过沉积物OP释放动力学模拟实验, 探讨了表层沉积物OP的释放特征, 以及沉积物理化性质对其响应.结果表明, 西北口水库沉积物OP含量为210.3~455.2mg/kg, 平均含量为322.9mg/kg, 占总磷(TP)的18.3%.OP含量空间分布呈现库中(363.2mg/kg)>库首(339.3mg/kg)>库尾(266.1mg/kg)的变化规律, 垂向上随深度的增加而减小.西北口水库不同形态OP的含量表现为: 非活性有机磷(NOP)>中活性有机磷(MLOP)>活性有机磷(LOP), 其中NOP含量占OP的65.3%, 是西北口水库沉积物OP的主要存在形式.准一级动力学模型是描述西北口水库库首、库中和库尾沉积物OP释放动力学曲线的最优方程(R2=0.98~0.99, P < 0.01), 在0~1h表征为快速释放过程, 所释放的OP含量占最大释放量(Qmax)的55.68%~79.55%, 随后进入慢速释放过程, 逐渐达到Qmax, Qmax在1.4~3.1mg/kg之间.该水库沉积物中LOP和MLOP是主要向上覆水体释放的磷形态. 相似文献
247.
大房郢水库水质保护和生态修复探讨 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
针对大房郢水库的自然环境和污染源现状,水库建成后所面临的水质保护和生态修复的复杂繁重的任务,从库区污染源控制、污染物入库输送途中和水库水体本身三个方面所需采取的技术措施,及这些措施的保障体系建设提出了一些看法。 相似文献
248.
三峡水库成库初期营养盐与浮游植物分布特征 总被引:13,自引:8,他引:5
根据2003-09-08~2003-09-15航行11个点位测试数据,分析了三峡水库成库后营养元素及浮游生物量的分布特征,初步探讨了营养盐分布与Chla的关系.结果表明,调查区域营养盐浓度较高,其中TN各测点均超过国家地表水环境质量标准Ⅲ类水标准,含量范围为1.01~1.35 mg·L-1.TP含量范围为0.028~0.054 mg·L-1;K含量范围为2.80~3.44 mg·L-1;TOC含量范围为1.92~2.59 mg·L-1,Chla含量范围为1.58~7.35mg·m-3,平均浓度为4.69 mg·m-3.利用相关分析方法,分析了Chla与营养盐之间的关系,表明Chla与NO3--N成显著正相关(r=0.728 7);与浊度成显著负相关(r=-0.920 7).利用系统聚类方法分析三峡水库水体指标,随长江流向明显分为3类,即上游区(长寿、涪陵、丰都、忠县)、中游区(万州、云阳、奉节)和下游区(巫山).硅藻在4个测点均为优势种群,占总量的86%,平均为129 844个/L,浮游植物量沿水流方向有增高趋势. 相似文献
249.
John E. Pinder III T.G. Hinton F.W. Whicker 《Journal of environmental radioactivity》2010,101(9):659-669
To measure the long term retention and seasonal dynamics of an initial 4 kg addition of 133Cs into an 11.4-ha, 157,000 m3 reservoir (Pond 4, near Aiken, South Carolina, USA), the concentrations and inventories of 133Cs in the water column were measured at periodical intervals for 522 days following the 1 August, 1999 release. After rapid declines in concentrations and inventories during the first 90 days, the 133Cs concentrations in the water column declined at an average proportional rate of 0.004 d−1. However, there were periods of less rapid and more rapid rates of declines, and these were correlated with periods of increasing and decreasing K concentrations in the water column. The decline rates were less and the K concentrations greater in the winter than in the summer. In the deeper, neighboring monomictic reservoirs of Par Pond and Pond B, a yearly cycle of increasing and decreasing 137Cs concentrations in the water column is driven by anoxic remobilization of Cs from the sediments into a persistent summer hypolimnion. In Pond 4, whose mean depth of 1.6 m is too shallow to support a persistent anoxic hypolimnion, the pattern of yearly dynamics for K and Cs appear to be related to the accumulation and release of these elements from the extensive, seasonal macrophyte communities. The contrasting results between Pond 4 and Pond B suggest that a full appreciation of the relative importance of 1) anoxic remobilization and 2) accumulation and release by macrophytes in these systems remains to be established. 相似文献
250.
人工神经网络在深圳市水库富营养化评价中的应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
对富营养化评价标准进行插值获取大量的样本,建立了基于BP人工神经网络的富营养化评价模型。将模型应用于评价深圳市13座主要水库的富营养化状况,对其成因进行分析,并提出了对策与建议。研究结果表明,石岩水库与深圳水库为轻度富营养化,占评价水库总数的15.4%;西丽水库等11座水库为中营养,占评价水库总数的84.6%。人工神经网络用于建立湖库富营养评价模型是适合的。 相似文献