全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1208篇 |
免费 | 98篇 |
国内免费 | 387篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 159篇 |
废物处理 | 88篇 |
环保管理 | 109篇 |
综合类 | 793篇 |
基础理论 | 146篇 |
污染及防治 | 272篇 |
评价与监测 | 52篇 |
社会与环境 | 37篇 |
灾害及防治 | 37篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 1篇 |
2023年 | 4篇 |
2022年 | 29篇 |
2021年 | 39篇 |
2020年 | 37篇 |
2019年 | 45篇 |
2018年 | 37篇 |
2017年 | 52篇 |
2016年 | 69篇 |
2015年 | 76篇 |
2014年 | 88篇 |
2013年 | 90篇 |
2012年 | 124篇 |
2011年 | 82篇 |
2010年 | 103篇 |
2009年 | 92篇 |
2008年 | 60篇 |
2007年 | 91篇 |
2006年 | 114篇 |
2005年 | 68篇 |
2004年 | 59篇 |
2003年 | 59篇 |
2002年 | 46篇 |
2001年 | 39篇 |
2000年 | 26篇 |
1999年 | 30篇 |
1998年 | 18篇 |
1997年 | 16篇 |
1996年 | 23篇 |
1995年 | 17篇 |
1994年 | 12篇 |
1993年 | 6篇 |
1992年 | 12篇 |
1991年 | 9篇 |
1990年 | 8篇 |
1989年 | 4篇 |
1988年 | 1篇 |
1987年 | 1篇 |
1986年 | 1篇 |
1983年 | 2篇 |
1982年 | 1篇 |
1981年 | 1篇 |
1980年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有1693条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
81.
Siedlecka EM Stepnowski P 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2009,16(4):453-458
Background, aim, and scope Ionic liquids are regarded as essentially “green” chemicals because of their insignificant vapor pressure and, hence, are
a good alternative to the emissions of toxic conventional volatile solvents. Not only because of their attractive industrial
applications, but also due to their very high stability, ionic liquids could soon become persistent contaminants of technological
wastewaters and, moreover, break through into natural waters following classical treatment systems. The removal of harmful
organic pollutants has forced the development of new methodologies known as advanced oxidation processes (AOPs). Among them,
the Fenton and Fenton-like reactions are usually modified by the use of a higher hydrogen peroxide concentration and through
different catalysts. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of hydrogen peroxide concentration on degradation rates
in a Fenton-like system of alkylimidazolium ionic liquids with alkyl chains of varying length and 3-methyl-N-butylpyridinium chloride.
Materials and methods The ionic liquids were oxidized in dilute aqueous solution in the presence of two different concentrations of hydrogen peroxide.
All reactions were performed in the dark to prevent photoreduction of Fe(III). The concentrations of ionic liquids during
the process were monitored with high-performance liquid chromatography. Preliminary degradation pathways were studied with
the aid of 1H NMR.
Results Degradation of ionic liquids in this system was quite effective. Increasing the H2O2 concentration from 100 to 400 mM improved ionic liquid degradation from 57–84% to 87–100% after 60 min reaction time. Resistance
to degradation was weaker, the shorter the alkyl chain.
Discussion The compound omimCl was more resistant to oxidation then other compounds, which suggests that the oxidation rates of imidazolium
ionic liquids by OH· are structure-dependent and are correlated with the n-alkyl chain length substituted at the N-1-position. The level of degradation was dependent on the type of head group. Replacing
the imidazolium head group with pyridinium increased resistance to degradation. Nonetheless, lengthening the alkyl chain from
four to eight carbons lowered the rate of ionic liquid degradation to a greater extent than changing the head group from imidazolium
to pyridinium. 1H-NMR spectra show, in the first stage of degradation, that it is likely that radical attack is nonspecific,
with any one of the carbon atoms in the ring and the n-alkyl chain being susceptible to attack.
Conclusions The proposed method has proven to be an efficient and reliable method for the degradation of imidazolium ionic liquids by
a Fenton-like reagent deteriorated with lengthening n-alkyl substituents and by replacing the imidazolium head group with pyridinium. The enhanced resistance of 1-butyl-3-methylpyridinium
chloride when the resistance of imidazolium ionic liquids decreases with increasing H2O2 concentration is probably indicative of a change in the degradation mechanism in a vigorous Fenton-like system. H-NMR spectra
showed, in the first stage of degradation, that radical attack is nonspecific, with any one of the carbon atoms in the ring
and the n-alkyl chain being susceptible to attack.
Recommendations and perspectives Since ionic liquids are now one of the most promising alternative chemicals of the future, the degradation and waste management
studies should be integrated into a general development research of these chemicals. In the case of imidazolium and pyridinium
ionic liquids that are known to be resistant to bio- or thermal degradation, studies in the field of AOPs should assist the
future structural design as well as tailor the technological process of these chemicals 相似文献
82.
不同高级氧化法对水中低浓度药物甲硝唑降解过程的比较 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
采用UV、H2O2、UV/H2O2、Fenton、UV/Fenton和UV/TiO2方法,对水中低浓度的药物甲硝唑进行降解。通过HPLC和UV-Vis光谱得到的甲硝唑去除率。详细讨论了Fe2+、TiO2和H2O2的初始浓度以及溶液的初始pH值对降解效率的影响。结果表明,UV/Fenton和UV/TiO2 2种系统对水中低浓度甲硝唑均有很好的去除效果,但前者的光催化效率更高。在甲硝唑浓度=6 μmol/L,H2O2和Fe2+的初始浓度分别为0.5 mg/L和2.94 μmol/L,pH=4的条件下,UV/Fenton方法对甲硝唑水溶液光催化的最佳效率为95.8%。 相似文献
83.
微曝气Fenton氧化法处理模拟双酚A废水的效果及其生物验证 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
研究了微曝气Fenton氧化法关键工艺参数对模拟双酚A(BPA)废水处理效果的影响,并从活性污泥性质和污染物去除率两方面,采用膜生物反应器(membrane bioreactor, MBR)对微曝气Fenton氧化法的处理效果进行了实验验证,为实现BPA废水的生物处理奠定基础。结果表明,初始pH值、反应时间、H2O2/COD(质量浓度比)、H2O2/Fe2+ (摩尔浓度比)、反应温度及曝气量均对预处理效果有较大影响,在最佳条件下,COD去除率可达70%,BOD/COD值则由原废水的0.02提高到0.50以上。MBR处理上述出水的结果表明,经微曝气Fenton氧化处理BPA的废水,可较好地适应后续的生化处理。 相似文献
84.
油页岩发电项目2×210MW机组除尘器选型 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
广东粤电油页岩发电项目2×210MW机组CFB锅炉燃用茂名本地油页岩,除尘设备在可研和初步设计时均选用双室5电场高效静电除尘器,在烟气脱硫工程招标文件审查时发现脱硫装置入口烟尘浓度偏高,不能满足烟气脱硫装置要求,故重新对除尘器进行了调研、分析、选型。 相似文献
85.
Tova Rosenbloom Author Vitae Adar Ben-Eliyahu Author Vitae Author Vitae Ariela Biegel Author Vitae Author Vitae 《Journal of Safety Research》2009,40(3):215-219
Introduction
This article compares observed driving behavior in a city, a town, and a village.Method
Unobtrusive observations were made at intersections in each residential type. Five violation types were observed: (a) not wearing a seat belt (seat belt violation); (b) not using a safety seat for a child (safety seat violation for children); (c) not using a speaker while speaking on the phone (on-phone violation); (d) failing to comply with a ‘give way’ sign (‘give way’ sign violation); and (e) stopping in an undesignated area (undesignated stop violation). It was expected that in accordance with the anonymity hypothesis that the bigger residential areas' rate of traffic violations would be higher. The effects of the residential type, drivers' gender, and age were assessed using the multiple regression model. The stepwise method of evaluation was employed. The model converged on step 3 (Adjusted R square = 0.039). Residential type and gender contributed significantly to the model. Results: Consistent with prior research, male drivers committed more violations than female drivers. Chi-square analyses were used to test the distribution of violations by the settlement types. Overall, more drivers committed violations in the two small residential areas than in the city, with 30% of city drivers, 43% of town drivers, and 51% of village drivers committing at least one violation (χ2 (2) = 37.65, p < 0.001). Moreover, in the town and the village, a combination of one or more violations was committed more often than in the city (χ2 (1) = 34.645, p < 0.001). Accordingly, more drivers committed violations in the two small settlements (48.4%) than in the city (30.6%). Possible explanations for the observed results were provided in the Discussion section.Impact on Industry
The conclusions of this paper are that drivers in small villages tend to disobey traffic laws. Therefore, efforts have to be made in companies to take this issue in consideration while running fleets in companies located in small places far from the center. 相似文献86.
介绍了氧-乙炔火焰切割加工废钢铁产生的烟尘治理系统的设计和系统设备选型,重点介绍了烟尘捕集罩的设计和除尘器、电磁脉冲阀、风机的选型和PLC自动控制以及系统实际运行效果,为废钢铁加工企业治理污染提供一套简单、经济、实用的除尘系统作参考. 相似文献
87.
Watts RJ Finn DD Cutler LM Schmidt JT Teel AL 《Journal of contaminant hydrology》2007,91(3-4):312-326
The stabilization of hydrogen peroxide was investigated as a basis for enhancing its downgradient transport and contact with contaminants during catalyzed H(2)O(2) propagations (CHP) in situ chemical oxidation (ISCO). Stabilization of hydrogen peroxide was investigated in slurries containing four characterized subsurface solids using phytate, citrate, and malonate as stabilizing agents after screening ten potential stabilizers. The extent of hydrogen peroxide stabilization and the most effective stabilizer were solid-specific; however, phytate was usually the most effective stabilizer, increasing the hydrogen peroxide half-life to as much as 50 times. The degree of stabilization was nearly as effective at 10 mM concentrations as at 250 mM or 1 M concentrations. The effect of stabilization on relative rates of hydroxyl radical activity varied between the subsurface solids, but citrate and malonate generally had a greater positive effect than phytate. The effect of phytate, citrate, and malonate on the relative rates of superoxide generation was minimal to somewhat negative, depending on the solid. The results of this research demonstrate that the stabilizers phytate, citrate, and malonate can significantly increase the half-life of hydrogen peroxide in the presence of subsurface solids during CHP reactions while maintaining a significant portion of the reactive oxygen species activity. Use of these stabilizers in the field will likely improve the delivery of hydrogen peroxide and downgradient treatment during CHP ISCO. 相似文献
88.
89.
影响马尾松毛虫虫灾发生类型因素的重要性分析 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3
运用列联表分析方法探讨了小班的林地起源、优势树种、地理、生长等因素对小班的马尾松毛虫虫灾发生类型的影响。分析结果表明:小班的海拔高度和坡度是决定小班的马尾松虫灾发生类型的关键因素。小班的优势种结构、平均树高及郁闭度对小班的马尾松毛虫虫灾发生类型也有较大的影响。图12表1参2 相似文献
90.
论述了山西省湿地的基本环境特征 ,指出了存在的问题 ,并提出了山西省湿地生态系统保护利用的科学对策 相似文献