基于Box-Behnken响应曲面法优化Fenton预处理高浓度染料中间体生产废水

为高效处理染料中间体生产废水、优化工艺参数,针对染料中间体生产废水有机负荷高、生物抑制性强等特点,选用Fenton氧化处理过程,以实际生产废水为研究对象,基于Box-Behnken响应曲面法分别考察了反应时间、初始pH、n(H₂O₂)/n(Fe2+)、Fenton试剂投加频率等因素对Fenton法处理废水过程的单独影响及各因素间的交互作用,并建立以COD_Cr去除率为评价指标的数学模型进行全面分析.结果表明:各影响因子显著性顺序为初始pH>n(H₂O₂)/n(Fe2+)>Fenton反应时间>投加频率,其中n(H₂O₂)/n(Fe2+)与投加频率的交互作用最为显著(F=3.43);模型决定系数R2=0.917 9,说明模型可信度和精密度高;最佳反应条件组合为反应时间30 min、初始pH为3.46、n(H₂O₂)/n(Fe2+)为6.12、投加频率为2次.预测最大COD_Cr去除率为56.53%,验证试验实测平均结果为55.17%,与预测值相比偏差为1.36%.经最优条件处理后废水的ρ(COD_Cr)由9 600 mg/L降至4 000 mg/L左右,ρ(BOD₅)/ρ(COD_Cr)由0.07增至0.37,可生化性提高.研究显示,采用Fenton法预处理高浓度染料中间体废水可有效提高COD_Cr去除率及其可生化性.      

我国典型陆地生态系统水化学离子特征及空间分布

选择中国生态系统研究网络(CERN)和国家生态系统观测研究网络(CNERN)中的33个陆地生态站水化学监测数据,分析了2010～2015年我国典型陆地生态系统地下水、静止地表水和流动地表水水化学离子特征及空间分布.结果表明,水中主要阴离子质量浓度为:HCO_3~- SO_4~(2-) Cl~- CO_3~(2-),以HCO_3~-和SO_4~(2-)为主,在地下水、静止地表水、流动地表水中HCO_3~-和SO_4~(2-)之和分别约占阴离子总量的71. 7%、75. 3%和74. 9%;阳离子以Ca2+和Na+为主,两者之和分别约占阳离子总量的69. 7%、64. 8%和68. 9%.不同生态区域水体离子浓度和离子比例差异较大,水化学类型有地带性差异,即西北干旱半干旱区、东部黄淮海平原区生态系统地下水水化学类型以Na-Mg-SO4-Cl型为主,且水体矿化度较高;亚热带红壤丘陵区地下水水化学类型以Ca-SO_4-HCO_3型为主,地表水以Ca-HCO_3-SO_4型为主;南亚热带丘陵赤红壤区地下水水化学类型以NaCa-HCO_3-Cl型为主;其它生态系统水化学类型以Ca-HCO_3型和Ca-Mg-HCO_3为主.地下水、静止地表水和流动地表水的水化学类型年际间无明显变化.     

化学发光法测定Fenton反应中的羟自由基及其应用

建立了测定Ｆｅｎｔｏｎ反应中产生的羟自由基的化学发光法,酵母为发光底物,浓度为２４ｍｇ／ｍｌ,Ｈ２Ｏ２浓度为２４ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ,ＦｅＳＯ４浓度为５．４ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ,ｐＨ为２．８时,化学发光强度最大,即产生的羟自由基浓度最大。     

太湖地区不同土地利用影响下水稻土重金属有效性库变化

在太湖地区调查选择了乡镇工业环境、集约化农业丰产方及长期肥料试验地等几种人类农业利用类型和环境影响的地块,采集水稻土耕层样本作若干重金属的有效性库分析.结果表明,各种环境和利用影响下太湖地区水稻土重金属有效性库都存在升高的趋势,其程度介于30%至200%,且以表层最为突出.近工业区环境和长期单施化肥下这种有效性库变化最为剧烈,其土壤Cu、Pb有效性库分别达到7.96～2.15 mg·kg^-1、24.7～3.47mg·kg^-1和8.34～4.42 mg·kg、9.01～4.95 mg·kg^-1.这种有效性升高伴随着总量的积累趋势可能是太湖地区土壤环境质量演变的当前特点,这必须在本地区农业与食物安全中备加关注.     

依据污染分担率划分地表水污染类型的方法

依据污染分担率大小,划分地表水污染类型,并冠以主名称、副名称。通过实例调查,确定污染分担率界线,提出以15%≤K〈40%的指标作为副名称,以40%≤K〈70%的指标作为主名称。定名时,副名称在前,主名称在后,组成＂兼有‘××’污染的‘××’污染型的＂的形式。能比较直观地反映地表水的主要污染特征。应用起来简单易行,可操作性强,容易为大众理解和接受,避免了数字评价的枯燥无味,有一定的现实意义。     

Fenton氧化/混凝协同处理焦化废水生物出水的研究

对Fenton氧化/混凝协同处理焦化废水生物出水的方法进行了研究,在综合考虑经济性和去除效果的前提下,提出了反应的最佳条件:H₂O₂投加量为220 mg/L,Fe²⁺投加量为180 mg/L,聚丙烯酰胺投加量为4.5 mg/L,反应时间为0.5h,pH=7.最终COD去除率可达44.5%,色度可以降为35倍,出水符合国家污水排放二级标准.同时,通过分析分子量分布和小分子有机物组成,揭示了Fenton氧化/混凝协同处理焦化废水生物出水的污染物变化规律.结果表明焦化废水经过Fenton氧化/混凝协同处理后,其出水可达到国家二级排放标准,并且处理成本相对较低,具有实际应用的前景.     

Fenton高级氧化工艺中苯酚对亚甲基蓝退色反应的影响

为了提高Fenton试剂处理有机污染物的效率,探索最佳处理条件,以亚甲基蓝-苯酚混合溶液为模型污水,进行了Fenton试剂氧化亚甲基蓝退色反应的影响因素实验.对不同试验条件下褪色反应动力学过程进行了在线跟踪、拟合和比较研究发现,苯酚和亚甲基蓝在反应体系中存在竞争.苯酚会影响Fenton试剂对亚甲基蓝的退色反应效率;退色反应分3个阶段,本研究得到了第1阶段和第3阶段的反应速率常数的表达式.     

滨海区域雨水综合利用规划研究——以青岛高新区为例

雨水综合利用规划是区域建设规划的重要组成部分,应与区域给水、排水、防洪排涝等各专业规划同步进行。结合滨海区域建设现状及规划布局,针对不同下垫面及建设进度提出"分散式"与"集中式"雨水综合利用模式,在已经大规模建设城区,采用"分散式"雨水利用模式,可对雨水有效利用。在雨水利用规划中提出规划相关指标要求,对类似滨海区域进行雨水综合利用规划有一定的借鉴意义。     

Fenton process for degradation of selected chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons exemplified by trichloroethylene, 1,1-dichloroethylene and chloroform

The degradation of selected chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons (CAHs) exemplified by trichloroethylene (TCE), 1,1-dichloroethylene (DCE), and chloroform (CF) was investigated with Fenton oxidation process. The results indicate that the degradation rate was primarily affected by the chemical structures of organic contaminants. Hydroxyl radicals (·OH) preferred to attack the organic contaminants with an electron-rich structure such as chlorinated alkenes (i.e., TCE and DCE). The dosing mode of Fenton’s reagent, particularly of Fe²⁺, significantly affected the degradation efficiency of studied organic compound. A new “time-squared” kinetic model, C = C _o exp(−k _obs t ²), was developed to express the degradation kinetics of selected CAHs. This model was applicable to TCE and DCE, but inapplicable to CF due to their varied reaction rate constants towards ?OH. Chloride release was monitored to examine the degree of dechlorination during the oxidation of selected CAHs. TCE was more easily dechlorinated thanDCE and CF.Dichloroacetic acid (DCAA) was identified as the major reaction intermediate in the oxidation of TCE, which could be completely removed as the reaction proceeded. No reaction intermediates or byproducts were identified in the oxidation of DCE and CF. Based on the identified intermediate, the reaction mechanism of TCE with Fenton’s reagent was proposed.     

Decolorization of Blue CL-BR dye by AOPs using bleach wastewater as source of H2O2

This research was focused on the investigation of the efficacy of advanced oxidation processes (Fenton,ozonation and UV/H_2O_2) for decolorization of reactive azo dye (Blue CL-BR) using bleach wastewater as possible source of H_2O_2.All the experiments were performed on the laboratory scale set-up.The results showed that colour removal efficiencies by UV or bleach (H_2O_2) alone were not so efficient.Fenton process with bleach wastewater was found to be the most effective at process conditions such as pH of 3 and H_2O_2/Fe~(2 ) ratio of 24:1,resulting in 64% colour removal.Almost complete colour removal,i.e.,99% and 95% were achieved by UV/H_2O_2 and UVfoleach wastewater in 30 and 60 min,respectively.Ozonation proved an efficient method for decolorization of Blue CL-BR dye at alkaline pH.It was possible to achieve 98% colour removal with 30 min of ozonation at pH 9.The colour removal of dye was found to follow first order kinetics.