有机废水处理生物制氢技术

研究了利用有机废水发酵作用制取廉价氢气技术,并研制出厌氧活性污泥高效生物制氢反应器。以白脱糖、糖蜜和淀粉为供氢体,最大产氢能力达10.4m³H₂/m³反应器·d,发酵气中仅含48％H2和52％CO₂。该项技术已具有进一步开发价值。     

用发酵豆水做接种液测定水中的生化需氧量

接种液的质量是测定BOD5的关键因素之一,本文介绍了一种适合于在寒冷天气条件下使用的测定水中生化需氧量（BOD5）接种液。     

络合萃取法从发酵废液中提取土霉素的研究

采用络合萃取法提取土霉素废液中的土霉素，并以土霉素水溶液作为模拟试液，研究了吡啶类萃取剂对土霉素的萃取规律。结果表明，在中性和弱碱性条件下，选用氯代十六烷基吡啶（PCC）和溴代十六烷基吡啶（PCB）2种产品均可有效萃取废液中的土霉素。在酸性条件下容易反萃得到合格的土霉素结晶产品。     

Effect of ultrasonication and Fenton oxidation on biodegradation of bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) in wastewater sludge

The presence of bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and its metabolites, i.e. 2-ethylhexanol, 2-ethylhexanal, and 2-ethylhexanoic acid in wastewater sludge (WWS) were investigated during aerobic digestion and Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt)-based fermentation of WWS. Ultrasonication and Fenton oxidation pre-treatment was applied to improve biodegradability of WWS and bioavailability of the target compounds for digestion and fermentation. DEHP and 2-ethylhexanoic acid were observed at higher concentration, meanwhile 2-ethylhexanol and 2-ethylhexanal were observed at lower concentration in WWS. After 20-day aerobic digestion, DEHP removal was 72%, 89%, and 85%, and 2-ethylhexanoic acid removal was 71%, 84%, 79%, respectively for raw, ultrasonicated, and Fenton-oxidized sludges. Bt was found to degrade DEHP, leading to DEHP removal of 21%, 40%, and 30%, respectively for raw, ultrasonicated, and Fenton-oxidized sludges in the fermentation. The results suggested that aerobic stabilization and Bt-based fermentation can remove the phthalates, and pre-treatment of WWS was also effective in improvement of DEHP biodegradation. Hence, Bt-based biopesticide production from WWS can be applied safely when taking into consideration the phthalate contaminants.     

Biosynthesis of polyhydroxyalkanoate by Gamma proteobacterium WD-3 from volatile fatty acids

The production of copolymers of poly-β-hydroxyalkanoates (PHA) is generally a high cost process. To reduce the production costs, inexpensive carbon sources such as volatile fatty acids (VFAs) from acidified wastewater can be used. Therefore, isolation of bacterial strains that can produce PHA copolymers using VFAs as a sole carbon source would be a beneficial alternative. In this study, a strain of PHA accumulating bacterium was isolated from the wastewater treatment plant of a soybean processing facility in Harbin. The strain was identified as γ-proteobacterium according to its 16S rDNA information and was originally named as strain WD-3. The strain accumulated a mass of PHA up to 45% of its dry cell weight when it was cultured under the optimum fermentation condition in this study when butyrate was used as the carbon source. In addition, WD-3 could synthesize PHA copolymers of poly-hydroxybutyrate and poly-hydroxyvalerate (PHV) either from C-even substrates or from C-odd substrates, and one-third of the copolymer was PHV. Results from this study demonstrated that small molecule organic acids can be used by the strain of WD-3 as the carbon source for growth and PHA production. The maximum PHA yield in the study was 0.45 g g⁻¹ dry cell.     

超声波预处理对厌氧生物制氢的可行性探讨

由于能实现废弃物资源化,减少环境污染,制取清洁能源氢气,生物厌氧发酵制氢技术日益受到人们关注。在众多废水生化预处理技术中,超声波技术拥有高效氧化、焚烧、超临界氧化的特点,而且超声波操作简单,对设备的要求不高。本文阐述了厌氧发酵生物制氢的菌种来源、产氢机理及超声波技术在废水处理方面的应用。同时探讨了超声波预处理猪场废水对提高厌氧发酵生物产氢量的可行性,提出了优化性建议。