垃圾填埋场渗滤液对小鼠遗传毒性和肝肾功能的影响

对垃圾填埋过程中产生的渗滤液的遗传毒性及其对肝肾功能的影响进行了初步研究. 选用经口急性毒性试验和微核试验,以某垃圾卫生填埋场2005年11月渗滤液为受试物,ICR纯种小鼠为受试对象,设置高、中、低3个浓度(即渗滤液原液,10倍稀释液和100倍稀释液)渗滤液染毒组和对照组,取小鼠眼静脉血测定总胆红素(TBIL)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST) 、血清肌酐(Cr)和血尿酸氮(BUN)5项生化指标,探讨渗滤液诱发小鼠肝肾及遗传损伤. 结果表明,高、中浓度组小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞的微核率分别为18.8‰和3.8‰,与阴性对照组相比,2组的微核率显著增加(n10,P<0.05). 血清生化分析表明,中、高浓度组谷丙转氨酶(ALT)分别为70.4和70.0 U/L,与对照组差异显著(P<0.05);渗滤液低、中、高浓度组谷草转氨酶(AST)分别为247.1,255.1和281.6 U/L,与对照组相比,3个浓度组的差别均具有统计学意义(P<0.01).整体动物试验水平表明,渗滤液可能对哺乳动物具有遗传损伤效应,对肝功能也可能会产生一定的影响.      

水体中铊对泥鳅外周血红细胞的遗传毒性的时效性

铊(T1)是剧毒的重金属元素,会对生态环境和人体健康造成威胁.目前各国铊的环境安全标准存在差异.本文利用泥鳅红细胞微核技术,研究泥鳅Misgurnus anguillicaudatus红细胞微核率和核异常率与铊污染时间的关系,为该技术在铊毒理研究中的可行性和铊环境安全标准提供依据.结果表明:水体铊质量浓度为0.5μg·L~(-1)下,随处理时间的延长,泥鳅红细胞微核率、核异常率显著增加,并与时间呈显著的正相关,其中微核率、核异常率分别在处理24 h和48 h时达到最大值;随后两指标逐步下降,与时间呈显著的负相关.在此铊质量浓度和处理时间内,核异常率与微核率均显著高于空白无铊对照处理,表明水体铊质量浓度0.5 μg·L~(-1)对泥鳅血红细胞具有遗传毒性.     

Identification of triploid trophoblast cells in peripheral blood of a woman with a partial hydatidiform molar pregnancy

In a woman with a partial hydatidiform molar pregnancy with 69,XXY karyotype, the presence of male fetal cells of trophoblastic origin was demonstrated in maternal blood by X/Y-chromosome specific PCR and by immunostaining combined with FISH on two cell populations isolated from maternal blood. Blood was obtained three weeks prior to the detection of fetal demise, at 13 weeks' gestation. Results were confirmed on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded molar tissue, removed at 16 weeks' gestational age for therapeutic reasons. The results indicate that both plasma and cells from maternal peripheral blood might be useful for non-invasive prenatal diagnosis of fetal aneuploidies, as described in the current case with a partial molar pregnancy. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Prenatal diagnosis of congenital non-bullous ichthyosiform erythroderma (lamellar ichthyosis)

We report the first positive prenatal diagnosis ofcongenital non-bullous ichthyosiform erythroderma or lamellar ichthyosis. Fetal skin samples were obtained by fetoscopy at 21 weeks' gestation and examined by light and electron microscopy. Light microscopy revealed a thickened interfollicular epidermis with multiple layers of flattened cells and excessive keratinization of the epidermal lining of the follicular infundibulum. Electron microscopy of the thickened epidermis revealed granular cells that contained larger-than-normal keratohyalin granules and multiple layers of parakeratotic cornified cells. Although there was regional variation in the degree of interfollicular keratinization, follicles from all regions showed greater and more complete keratinization, indicating that they express the abnormality early enough in development to permit prenatal diagnosis at about 20 weeks' gestation.     

A case study of dioxin monitoring in and around an industrial waste incinerator in Korea

Many studies have been conducted that monitor and trace the sources of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin/furans (PCDD/Fs) by comparing congener patterns of environmental samples with those of possible sources. In this study, we measured PCDD/F concentrations and compared congener patterns of samples of various media found in and around an industrial waste incinerator in Korea, including stack gas, fly ash, bottom ash, ambient air, soil, pine needle, and human blood. We obtained reliable data on the relationship between the PCDD/F distributions in these sources and the environment, and thus found indicators with which to assess the impact of such sources on the surrounding environment. In addition, the difference between the levels of PCDD/Fs in the blood of short-term workers and long-term workers demonstrates that these workers are exposed to the compounds produced by the indicator.     

Bioaccumulation of metals in human blood in industrially contaminated area

The consumption of contaminated food crops, meat and milk has significantly increased the concentrations of trace metals in human blood as compared to the control area.     

考虑移动医院的因灾受损血液供应链网络重构

为快速恢复因灾受损的血液供应链的救援能力,针对血液这一重要医疗物资,研究考虑移动医院的应急供应链重构。设计包含移动医院和临时献血点选址、血液外调与自采和血液与伤员转运的混合整数规划模型,并以红细胞为例,将模型应用于我国龙门山地震带的灾害救治案例中。结果表明:重构的供应链能够综合运用移动医院等资源,快速恢复血液救援能力,最大程度缓解灾害影响。即便是在灾情最严重的情况下,缺血量可减少12.95%。管理者在进行人道主义应急救援决策时,应综合考虑移动医院等医疗资源的有效利用。     

二硫化碳对作业工人心血管系统的影响

对80名接触二硫化碳的生产工人进行了血脂和心血管系统影响的调查.结果显示,接触组的收缩压和舒张压均值与对照组相比,均明显增高(收缩压t=4.15,P＜0.01;舒张压t=2.89,P＜0.01);心电图异常和高血压发生率两组相比,接触组亦明显高于对照组,差异有极显著性意义(心电图异常χ2=23.06,P＜0.01;高血压χ2=18.03,P＜0.01);但血脂(TC,TG,HDL-C,LDL-C)检查,两组相比,差别均无显著性意义(P均＞0.05).研究显示,较长时间接触二硫化碳对心血管系统可产生影响,表现为血压升高,心电功能异常.     

珠江三角洲地区男性血液中多溴联苯醚暴露水平与精液质量的研究

采集了珠江三角洲地区103名成年男性的血液和精液样本,运用冷冻干燥-ASE萃取-GC-MS方法测定了血液中多溴联苯醚(PBDEs)含量,并按照WHO的精子质量检测标准及仪器操作规范检测精液质量,分析了血液中PBDEs与男性精液质量之间的相关性,同时,探讨了不同因素与血液中PBDEs含量之间的关系.结果表明,不同年龄对血液中PBDEs含量的影响未呈现一致的趋势,除BDE-47外,不同体重指数(BMI)人群组单个PBDEs含量差异不显著,吸烟者血液中PBDEs含量高于不吸烟者,饮酒者和不饮酒者则与之相反,随着学历升高,PBDEs含量水平未有递增或递减的一致规律;BDE-153、BDE-154和BDE-183含量与精液浓度显著负相关,而PBDEs与精子活动性不相关.因此,血液中PBDEs含量与珠江三角洲地区男性精液质量无显著相关性.