关于我国环境侵权起诉资格要件改进和被诉对象的建议

环境侵权行为对受害人的侵害一般具有间接性,因而适用传统法律规定便阻却受害人诉讼途径。许多国家为制裁这一现代社会的新型侵权行为,在法律上放宽起诉资格和扩大被诉对象。我国现行法律仍表现出对环境侵权受害人维护自身合法权益、制裁环境侵权行为人违法行为的司法请求限制过多和有关规定条文含义模糊而难以实施,因而我国亦应适当放宽起诉资格要件和扩大被诉对象范围。     

浅析建设项目可研报告评估中需注意的环保法律问题

简要介绍了我国环境保护法的立法过程、环境保护法律体系和与建设项目前期工作有关的部分法律条款，并针对建设项目可行性研究报告评估中易出现的环境保护法律问题提出了几点建议。     

垃圾填埋场不同产气模型大气环境影响评价内容的讨论

以敦煌市城市生活垃圾处理场为例,分别用Scholl Canyon模型、Mgmemcon模型和IPCC推荐的一阶衰减模型(FOD)估算填埋垃圾在运营期及封场后的产气量,对比分析3种模型估算出填埋气在不同时期的产气规律,并据此进行大气环境影响评价,探讨不同产气模型的估算结果在大气环境评价等级、评价内容、大气环境质量现状监测要求和环境影响的范围及程度等方面的差异。结果表明Mgmemcon模型估算的年最大产气量最小,与其它两种方法差异较大;Scholl Canyon模型和FOD模型预测年最大产气量及相应年份一致。合理选择填埋气预测模型,是客观评价垃圾填埋场建设项目大气环境影响的基础,也是项目建设具备环境可行性的重要依据。     

充分发挥政府职能推动循环经济发展

本文简要阐述了作者对循环经济的认识以及发展循环经济的必要性,并面向级政府和政府部门提出了对发展循环经济的几点建议。     

论尊重国家主权和不损害管辖范围以外环境原则

尊重国家主权和不损害管辖范围以外环境原则发轫于环境问题对国家主权提出的挑战,目的是为了在对国家主权予以确认和维护的同时,对其进行适当限制,以避免国家主权的行使危及管辖范围以外环境.该原则的重要性已经为学界所公认,其作为对环境与主权关系之争论的回应,法理基础是建立在国家主权原则、互相尊重主权、禁止权利滥用原则、全球共同利益与可持续发展的理念之上的.尊重国家主权和不损害国外环境原则是对国际环境法主体的权利、义务与责任进行调整.     

在中学化学教学中嵌入环境保护教育的实践

《环保法》修订中规定,教育行政部门、学校应当将环境保护知识纳入学校教育内容,培养学生的环境保护意识,环境教育应从中学教育开始。实践证明,在化学课中嵌入环境教育具有一定的可行性,可以在观摩教学和课外活动中渗透环境保护内容,在实验课中让学生去践行环境保护,既提高了学生的学习兴趣,又改善了化学课教学效果。     

跨国水资源和谐开发十大关系法律初探

跨国水资源特有的属性使其对于一个国家具有多方面的利益,因跨国水资源开发而引发的矛盾日益凸显,针对这些矛盾以及可能引发的新争端,应对跨国河流的开发保护现状和未来利用计划以及涉及邻国利益可能引发的争端,有通盘的权衡和充分的认识,因此,结合相关法律,处理好跨国水资源开发中的十大关系将成为跨国水资源和谐开发的关键。具体包括:国家主权与水权之间的关系;国家主权与云雾等大气水之间的关系;下游流域国家之间的关系;先利用国家与后开发国家之间的关系;跨国地下水与地表水的关系;水资源公平利用与合理开发之间的关系;跨国水资源的冲突与国际合作之间的关系;利益分享与责任承担之间的关系;跨国水资源开发利用与水资源损害预防的关系;流域国家与非流域国家之间的关系等。在此基础上,中国在开发跨国河流时也应受到启发,做到既满足自身需要,又兼顾他国利益,以实现跨国水资源的和谐开发。     

地方安全生产条例与《安全生产法》比对分析

对全国31个省、自治区和直辖市的安全生产条例进行了收集整理,并与《安全生产法》进行了逐条对比分析。从安全理念、安全规划、监管模式、机构和人员、管理制度和方法、安全经费、处罚和其他8个方面,对地方安全生产条例中具有代表性的、新的提法或改进的做法进行了总结。在此基础上,从建立"以人为本"安全理念、将"综合治理"纳入安全生产方针;明确要求各级政府编制安全生产规划,并将其纳入国民经济和社会发展规划;清晰界定政府综合监管、行业监管和其他监管部门的职责分工;细化各类企业安全管理机构和人员配备要求;明确注册安全工程师法律地位,并在高危行业强制配备;明确劳务派遣人员的培训职责,完善从业人员培训制度;建立安全生产信息系统,构建安全生产诚信体系;明确工伤保险基金、安全生产风险抵押金、安全生产责任险等费用的缴纳及管理要求;加大对尚未导致事故发生的违法行为的处罚力度;将隐患排查治理纳入《安全生产法》10个方面提出了对《安全生产法》的修改建议。     

STATE WATER QUALITY CONTROL PROGRAM IN ARIZONA1

ABSTRACT: Arizona's water pollution control program is based on authorties of Arizona Revised Statutes and Public Law 92–500, the Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972. The primary areas of this program are monitoring, facility inspections, plan review, planning, discharge permits and grants for the construction of publicly-owned waste water treatment facilities. The discharge permit program deals with control of point-source discharges and is administered by the United States Environmental Protection Agency. The planning and construction grants programs are administered by the State Water Quality Control Council and are implemented by the Bureau of Water Quality Control, which serves as staff to the Council. There are several challenges that face the State in this program. First is the adaptation of the “eastern law” to deal with Arizona's water quality problems. Second is to address problems caused by a long history of “laissez-faire” environmental quality management. Third is a mutual cooperation and coordination among the many entities involved in water resources management. Areas of particular interest in the State's program is the process setting water quality standards and the involvement of people of diversified backgrounds in the field of areawide planning under Section 208 of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act, which is primarily concerned with non-point sources of water pollution.     

Recent trends in recycling activities and waste management in Japan

Japan's basic approach to municipal solid waste (MSW) is (1) waste reduction, (2) promotion of recycling, (3) volume reduction by intermediate treatment, and (4) environmentally sound final disposal. A brief history of legislative trends in waste management is given as background for current waste management and recycling activities. The material recovery rate for MSW collected by local municipalities was only 5.6% in 1996. More than half of MSW, on a volume basis, consists of containers and packages, while great amounts of landfill space are also taken up by bulky wastes such as electric appliances. Therefore, in order to promote recycling and decrease landfill waste, Japan is targeting containers, packages, and electric appliances. A law promoting separate collection and recycling of containers and packages (Packaging Waste Recycling Law) and a law requiring the recycling of specific home electric appliances into new products (Home Electric Appliance Recycling Law) were introduced in June 1995 and June 1998, respectively. These laws are in line with the OECD policy Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR). Received: September 16, 1998 / Accepted: March 10, 1999