雷州半岛地区磷肥高效利用技术及其应用

在研究雷州半岛土壤特殊的强固磷机理基础上，以改性的工农业废弃物作为活化剂，活化磷矿粉制得高效磷肥，不仅利用了废弃物资源，变废为宝，而且节省了硫酸资源，降低了肥料成本。在雷州半岛不同地区，以西瓜、甘蔗、辣椒、水稻为供试作物，以过磷酸钙为对照，在等质量(低成本)条件下进行了大量的田间试验，结果表明，除水稻产量持平外，其他作物均表现出明显的增产效果，增产幅度在3％-22％之间，且产品品质改善。因此，高效磷肥在雷州半岛地区有广阔的应用前景。     

The Effectiveness of Iberian Protected Areas in Conserving Terrestrial Biodiversity

Abstract:  The Iberian Peninsula harbors about 50% of European plant and terrestrial vertebrate species and more than 30% of European endemic species. Despite the global recognition of its importance, the selection of protected areas has been ad hoc and the effectiveness of such choices has rarely been assessed. We compiled the most comprehensive distributional data set of Iberian terrestrial plant and vertebrate species available to date and used it to assess the degree of species representation within existing protected areas. Existing protected areas in Spain and Portugal reasonably represented the plant and animal species we considered (73–98%). Nevertheless, species of some groups (amphibians, reptiles, birds, and gymnosperms) did not accumulate in protected areas at a rate higher than expected by chance ( p > 0.05). We determined that to conserve all vertebrate and plant species in the Iberian Peninsula, at least 36 additional areas are needed. Selection of additional areas for conservation would be facilitated if such areas coincided with sites of community importance (SCI) designated under the European Commission Habitats Directive. Additional areas required for full representation of the selected plant and animal species all coincide with SCI in Spain. Nevertheless, the degree of coincidence varies between 0.3% and 74.6%, and there is a possibility that important areas for conservation occur outside the SCI. Our results support the view that current SCI can be used for prioritization of areas for conservation, but a systematic reevaluation of conservation priorities in Spain and Portugal would be necessary to ensure that effective conservation of one of European's most important biodiversity regions is achieved.     

山东半岛可持续发展的主要问题与综合调控研究

山东半岛在我国沿海经济发达地区的可持续发展问题上具有较强的代表性和典型性,本文以山东半岛为例,分析了山东半岛在区域发展过程中存在的问题以及今后可持续发展能力培养的综合对策。     

Criteria and indicators for a bioenergy production industry identified via stakeholder participation

As bioenergy production expands and new bioenergy-based technologies emerge, there is a growing concern regarding the sustainability of their ecological and socioeconomic impacts. Comprehensive sustainability assessments are needed to address this concern and to assure that the development of the bioenergy industry meets sustainability goals. Most sustainability assessments for bioenergy are expert-driven, broad, and largely motivated by an interest in optimizing international trade in bioenergy. As a result, social and cultural sustainability targets are vague or underdeveloped. In this study, we developed a sustainability assessment for a regional bioenergy production industry in Upper Michigan, using stakeholder participation. Semi-structured interviews and focus group meetings were used to elicit participants’ concerns and opinion. These concerns were translated into sustainability Criteria and Indicators (C&Is), many of which could be supported with available science. Some of the C&Is identified by participants were unique to the region. Sustainability C&Is were broadly categorized into economic (C = 5; I = 22), environmental (C = 6; I = 12), social (C = 3; I = 9), policy and regulations (C = 3; I = 13), and institutional capacity (C = 4; I = 13). While participants could identify indicators for most of the criteria (many of which are also supported by existing literature), further research and validation will be necessary to identify measurable, practical, and bias-free indicators for all criteria.     

Dynamics of the Coordination of Economy-Society and Resource-Environment in Shandong Peninsula,China

Abstract

Shandong Peninsula, as a more developed region in Shandong Province even the east coast of China, is facing challenges from resources and environment pressures. This paper tried to track and assess the coordination status and the dynamic between resource-environment and economy-society systems in Shandong Peninsula during 2001—2008 in order to provide decision support for regional sustainability. An appraisal index system was built including five aspects of harmony degree (A), sustainability degree (B), opening degree (C), stability degree (D) and controllability degree (E). The results showed that: 1) The coordination level of resource-environment and economy-society in Shandong Peninsula has continuously grown, and it has undergone three stages: no coordinated degree (2001–2002), weak coordinated degree (2003–2006) and basically coordinated degree (2007– 2008). 2) Five indexes of criterion hierarchy also increased overall, but each index showed different trends. Harmony degree, sustainability degree and opening degree rose all the time, while stability degree and controllability degree alternately rose and fell. The improvement of controllability degree was the slowest. 3) The aggravating trend of environmental pollution was slowing down. The economic growth was driven by industrial growth and urbanization typically and investment was still the main force to pull the regional economic growth. At the same time, technology and education were becoming more and more important for economic growth. The level of foreign capital utility declined and the geographical advantage of Shandong Peninsula was exerted. Meanwhile some characteristics of knowledge economy were presenting. Water resources become the main constraint factor of fast development in Shandong Peninsula. It is necessary to further strengthen the coordination ability of government on regional sustainable development.     

山东半岛近地面O3浓度时空变化及潜在源区解析

为探究山东半岛在长时间序列上的臭氧（O₃）时空分布特征及潜在来源,在分析山东半岛2005～2020年O₃浓度时空变化的基础上,运用小波分析、熵权法和相关性分析对O₃及其影响因素进行了探讨,并对山东半岛O₃的潜在来源进行研究.结果表明：（1）时间格局上,山东半岛地区近地面臭氧2005～2020年间呈现出“三峰型”趋势,2010年达到最大值[（40.48±7.64）μg·m^-3], 2013年为最小值[（36.63±5.61）μg·m^-3].季节表现为：夏季[（42.49±1.7）μg·m^-3]>春季[（40.65±0.6）μg·m^-3]>秋季[（36.47±0.7）μg·m^-3>冬季[（36.46±0.3）μg·m^-3].（2）空间格局上,2005～2020年山东半岛O₃浓度随着纬度的升高而逐渐升高,呈现出东西部高,中部低的特征,O...     

澳门半岛近岸海域水质时空变异分析

采用聚类分析和判别分析技术对澳门半岛近岸海域22个监测点2000~2005年期间的监测数据进行水质时空分析,旨在识别澳门半岛近岸海域水质时空变化特征,从而为澳门半岛水质监测网络的优化和近岸海域水质的控制提供支持.监测点位取样时间聚类结果可分为6~9月和1~5月、10~12月2组,与传统的4~9月和10~3月的丰、枯水期划分存在差异;按采样点位的空间聚类结果显示,第1组的监测站点都位于西侧,第2组的监测站点都位于东侧和南侧.通过后退式判别分析,表征空间差异性的显著性指标为pH、氯化物、TSS、颜色;表征时间差异性的显著指标为总磷、氯化物、颜色、氨氮、溶解氧、化学需氧量.空间与时间差异性判别的正确率分别达到84.82%和76.57%,显示后退式判别分析具有较好的指标降维能力和判别能力.     

雷州半岛土壤重金属分布特征及其污染评价

在雷州半岛采集了106个土壤表层样品,分析了其中8种重金属元素(Cu、Pb、Zn、Cr、Ni、Cd、Hg和As)的全量.结果表明,雷州半岛土壤重金属污染由高到低排序为Ni＞Cr＞Hg＞Cu＞Zn＞Cd＞As＞Pb,Zn、Cd、As和Pb质量浓度均没有超标,Hg和Cu质量浓度超标率亦不高,但Ni和Cr平均质量浓度达49.81、87.13 mg/kg,高于国内外其他对照区域,超标率分别为25.47%和24.53%;重金属元素在雷州半岛各土壤利用类型中分布规律不明显,按4种主要土壤利用类型受重金属污染程度大小排序为甘蔗地＞果园土＞水田＞菜地;雷州半岛土壤综合污染指数总平均为0.970,土壤总体上尚清洁,重金属污染处于警戒水平;雷州半岛各区域中,徐闻、雷州两地土壤重金属质量浓度明显高于其他地区,其主要原因是徐闻、雷州两地成土母质主要为玄武岩,造成土壤Cr、Ni及其他重金属背景值较高.     

桉林-砖红壤水分性能特征研究

根据室内测定资料,对雷州半岛桉林地砖红壤水分性能进行了探讨。结果表明,与自然植被下的砂页岩赤红壤比较,浅海沉积物桉林-砖红壤导水性、持水能力及供水能力均较低。在同样的吸力下,土壤持水量较少,在同样的吸力段,土壤释放的水量较少;玄武岩桉林-砖红壤持水能力较高,但导水性和供水能力较低。通径分析结果表明,浅海沉积物桉林-砖红壤持水能力较低主要受粘粒较少影响,其水分的有效性较低主要与其有机质的较少有较大关系;玄武岩桉林-砖红壤持水能力较高而水分的有效性较低,主要受其粘粒含量较高、有机质含量较低的制约。