南极菲尔德斯半岛空气微生物含量初报

南极菲尔德斯半岛外空气微生物的采样站分作３种类型，类型Ｉ．科考站及附近区域，类型Ⅱ．大型动物出没区，类型Ⅲ大型动物少，且保持荒凉状态区，结果显示，Ｉ类型区室外空气微生物含量明显高于Ⅲ类型区，平均Ｉ区有４９９４ｃｆｕ．ｍ＾－３，Ⅲ区仅１６ｃｕｆ．ｍ＾－３，结果提示，菲尔德斯半岛空气微生物已受到人类活动的干扰。     

Managing brown bears and wilderness recreation on the Kenai Peninsula,Alaska, USA

The Russian River-Cooper Lake-Resurrection River trail system, on the Kenai Peninsula, Alaska, traverses essential brown bear habitat. To set management guidelines for this area, the trail system was monitored using questionnaire cards and electronic trail counters from 1984 through 1987. This helped to determine the extent and type of human use and human-bear encounters in the area. Management recommendations were intended to reduce the potential displacement of brown bears by hikers and to inform wilderness users of the proper camping techniques to avoid attracting bears to the campsite. An average of 5800 visitors hiked or camped along the trail system each year. Encounters between hikers and brown bears averaged 7/yr while encounters with black bears averaged 35/yr. Minor problems occurred with both the electronic trail counters and the questionnaire. Modilications to these methods are discussed. A Limits of Acceptable Change format should be considered for the trail system to determine the character and future direction of recreational activities and monitoring of the trail system should continue in the future.     

南极菲尔德斯半岛植被土壤N2O排放特征

应用密闭箱法首次测定了南极菲尔德斯半岛苔藓、地衣植被土壤N2O的排放通量,并估算了该半岛植被区土壤在夏季2个月内N₂O的排放总量.结果表明:在晴天和雨天,苔藓土壤N₂O的排放通量与温度有较好的响应关系,呈现单峰型变化趋势;但在雪天,与温度的变化不一致;苔藓、地衣这2种不同的植被土壤N2O排放通量日变化基本一致;温度是影响苔藓土壤N2O的排放通量季节变化的主要因子,同时还受降水的影响,干湿交替有利于N2O的排放;苔藓土壤N₂O的排放总量为3.7152kg;地衣土壤N₂O的排放总量为2.5344kg.由此可见,南极菲尔德斯半岛苔藓、地衣植被土壤N₂O排放量虽然很小,但仍起着大气N₂O源的作用.     

山东半岛城市群等级规模结构的分形研究

运用分形理论对山东半岛城市群的等级规模结构进行了研究,借助齐夫和帕雷托公式分别测算了其分维值。结果表明,山东半岛城市群的等级规模结构比较分散,人口分布差异较大,城市群体系发育还不成熟。针对这些问题,提出了优化山东半岛城市群等级结构的对策措施,以期实现山东半岛城市群的持续、稳定、快速和健康发展。     

南极菲尔德斯半岛植被土壤N2O排放特征

应用密闭箱法首次测定了南极菲尔德斯半岛苔藓、地衣植被土壤N2 O的排放通量 ,并估算了该半岛植被区土壤在夏季 2个月内N2 O的排放总量 .结果表明 :在晴天和雨天 ,苔藓土壤N2 O的排放通量与温度有较好的响应关系 ,呈现单峰型变化趋势 ;但在雪天 ,与温度的变化不一致 ;苔藓、地衣这 2种不同的植被土壤N2 O排放通量日变化基本一致 ;温度是影响苔藓土壤N2 O的排放通量季节变化的主要因子 ,同时还受降水的影响 ,干湿交替有利于N2 O的排放 ;苔藓土壤N2 O的排放总量为 3 .71 52kg ;地衣土壤N2 O的排放总量为 2 .53 4 4kg .由此可见 ,南极菲尔德斯半岛苔藓、地衣植被土壤N2 O排放量虽然很小 ,但仍起着大气N2 O源的作用     

菲尔德斯半岛南部新生界火山岩系古地磁及地质意义

菲尔德斯半岛南部火山岩系由下而上,玛瑙滩段和化石山段MI=-76.9°,MD=59.7°,属新生界下第三系始新统中下部极性(?)合带中的正向亚带;按磁偶极子模式,平均古地磁极(S)的位置是64.3°S,116.4°W;采点古纬度南纬约65°。长山段I=77.6°,D=211.6°,为上述极性混合带中的反向亚带;虚地磁极(N)位置是75.9°S.118.7°W;采点古纬度南纬约66°。位于化石山段之上,长山段之下的岩块山段,数据具有随机性,这与其形成的地质背景有关。结果表明:1、化石山段与岩块山段之间,是早、晚两个喷发旋回的界线所在。2、菲尔德斯半岛自早第三纪始新世以来,总趋势是向赤道方向移动了大约3°     

全球气候变化对南极淡水藻类的影响

1982～2008年对中国南极长城站和中山站地区主要湖泊、溪流、雪地等淡水藻类进行了调查研究.结果表明,淡水藻类优势种类为:双尖菱板藻(Hantzschiaa mphioxys),端泥生藻(Luticola mutica),拟钝泥生藻(Lutiola muticopsis),细小隐球藻(Aphanocapsa elachista),极小色球藻(Chroococcus minimus),寒冷席藻(Phormidium frigidum),赖氏鞘氏藻(Lyngbya lagerheimii),拉氏黏球藻(Gloecapsa ralfsiana),易脆席藻(Phormidium fragile),雪衣藻(Chlamydomo nasnivalis),南极侧果藻(Pleurococcus antarcticus),南极螺翼藻(Scotiella antarctica)和细长聚球藻(Synechococcus elongates).回归分析显示了微、小型藻类细胞丰度与水温呈显著的正相关,而与磷酸盐和硝酸盐呈显著负相关.南极气候尤其是水温的变化,引起湖泊藻类丰度与种群结构发生改变.     

青岛在山东半岛蓝色经济区建设中的功能定位及发展对策研究

山东半岛蓝色经济区建设已正式上升为国家战略,是国家区域协调发展的重要组成部分。青岛作为山东半岛的龙头城市,综合实力强、地理位置优越、海洋资源丰富、海洋科技领先、海洋经济发达且产业结构较为合理,应借此优势将其建设成为全国蓝色经济发展的先行区、山东半岛蓝色经济区的核心区。在此过程中,青岛要进一步优化蓝色经济的空间布局,并按照“优化提升一产,发展壮大二产,突破发展三产”的思路完善产业结构。为促进山东半岛蓝色经济区快速发展,发挥辐射带动作用,青岛应营造良好的政策环境,突破海洋产业化关键技术,实施项目带动策略,加强半岛城市间的分工协作,并在开发过程中注重生态环境保护,确保蓝色经济可持续发展     

Dynamics of the Coordination of Economy-Society and Resource-Environment in Shandong Peninsula, China

Shandong Peninsula,as a more developed region in Shandong Province even the east coast of China,is facing challenges from resources and environment pressures.This paper tried to track and assess the coordination status and the dynamic between resource-environment and economy-society systems in Shandong Peninsula during 2001-2008 in order to provide decision support for regional sustainability.An appraisal index system was built including five aspects of harmony degree(A),sustainability degree(B),opening degree(C),stability degree(D) and controllability degree(E).The results showed that:1) The coordination level of resource-environment and economy-society in Shandong Peninsula has continuously grown,and it has undergone three stages:no coordinated degree(2001-2002),weak coordinated degree(2003-2006) and basically coordinated degree(2007-2008).2) Five indexes of criterion hierarchy also increased overall,but each index showed different trends.Harmony degree,sustainability degree and opening degree rose all the time,while stability degree and controllability degree alternately rose and fell.The improvement of controllability degree was the slowest.3) The aggravating trend of environmental pollution was slowing down.The economic growth was driven by industrial growth and urbanization typically and investment was still the main force to pull the regional economic growth.At the same time,technology and education were becoming more and more important for economic growth.The level of foreign capital utility declined and the geographical advantage of Shandong Peninsula was exerted.Meanwhile some characteristics of knowledge economy were presenting.Water resources become the main constraint factor of fast development in Shandong Peninsula.It is necessary to further strengthen the coordination ability of government on regional sustainable development.