会计集中核算制在沈阳市环保系统的探索与实践

针对沈阳市环保系统实行会计集中核算制的背景、意义及会计核算中心运行状况进行详细地分析,总结了当前实行会计集中核算制的积极作用和存在问题,同时提出了完善会计集中核算制的相关措施。     

人工湿地处理低水平放射性废水的技术可行性

针对低水平放射性废水的特点,结合人工湿地的去除机理,对湿地植物、基质和微生物在放射性废水处理中的原理和作用进行了分析,分析认为湿地植物通过植物提取、根际过滤和植物固定对低放重金属进行去除,基质的吸附和微生物的吸收、吸附及转化作用也是低放重金属去除的重要途径。并且阐述了当前的技术难点和未来的研究方向,指出在植物培育与选择、微生物的筛选及驯化、基质的选择和湿地系统的安全措施等方面还存在很多的难点。分析表明,应用人工湿地处理低水平放射性废水在技术上是可行的。     

冷季型草坪草对再生水灌溉响应及适宜性评价

以北京市常见冷季型草坪草多年生黑麦草、高羊茅和草地早熟禾为对象,借助于CAT、POD、MDA、脯氨酸、叶绿素等生理指标,采用室内盆栽的方法研究再生水灌溉下冷季型草坪草的生理反应,及各种生理指标与基质盐分累积的关系,对3种草坪草2种水源灌溉生理适宜性进行综合评价。结果表明:再生水中盐分含量刺激多年生黑麦草和高羊茅体内保护型酶活性保持较高水平,从而保持较强的生理优势,再生水作用使得草地早熟禾生长发育受阻,但盐分不是造成生长受阻的主导因素。在盆栽条件下,不同草坪草对不同灌溉水源生长适宜性由强至弱依次为再生水高羊茅,自来水高羊茅,自来水草地早熟禾,再生水多年生黑麦草,自来水多年生黑麦草,再生水草地早熟禾。     

浅析荧光法测定蓝藻生物量的可行性

比较荧光法与群落计数法的测定方法和实验结果,用t检验法分析两种方法的差异性,通过回归分析验证荧光法测定蓝藻生物量的稳定性和线性响应性,认为荧光法测定蓝藻生物量可行。     

煤与废塑料共焦化技术可行性分析以及在冶金工业中的应用

综述了目前废塑料的处理方法和存在的问题以及在国外冶金中的应用,结合煤与废塑料共焦化的研究现状,对煤与废塑料共焦化的可行性做了分析,指出了我国今后在此方面的工作重点以及进行这方面研究的意义。     

胜利油田推行安全经济管理的可行性分析

社会主义市场经济形势,决定了安全生产工作实行经济管理的必然性和可行性。安全经济管理效益有"滞后效应"的"隐形"性的特点,我们在实践操作中,不但要关心采取哪一种安全管理方案或措施所获得的安全水平最高,减少事故的效果最好,而且也要研究哪种方案或措施能够实现最省时、所投入的费用最少、达到的安全效果最好。实际上是把安全经济管理当作一种投资活动,怎样通过最小的投入获取最大化的投资收益。我们既要研究直接效果和间接效果,还要研究近期效果和远期效果;不仅要从局部单位出发计算经济效果,还要从全企业整体出发计算近期和远期的经济效果。在胜利油田推行安全经济管理应搞好"三同时"管理、开展安全管理经济评价、运用经济手段加强安全管理等工作。我们应建立胜利油田安全经济管理效益评价体系,寻找提高油田安全经济管理效益的新途径。     

Integrating selected ecological effects of mixed European beech–Norway spruce stands in bioeconomic modelling

The simplicity of many bioeconomic models has been criticised several times, due to their lack of realism resulting from a deterministic nature and a single-species focus. In this context it was interesting to test the financial sensitivity of bioeconomic modelling against fairly well documented ecological effects in mixed forests. For this purpose our study linked existing results of ecological research with bioeconomic modelling. The presented methodological approach could not only show the importance of considering ecological effects in bioeconomic models; it in fact enabled prioritising ecological research from a financial point of view.In a first step, the possible influence of the tree species mixture on forest stand resistance, productivity and timber quality was derived from existing studies. In a second step, the available Monte Carlo simulations for Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) and European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.), simulated under site conditions and risks typical of southern Germany, were extended by the mentioned ecological effects and then evaluated from a financial perspective.The results showed a clear influence of all tested ecological effects on the financial indicators, financial risk and return. While testing each ecological effect separately, an increased resistance against wind, snow and insect attacks had the greatest influence on financial risk and return. It over-proportionally enhanced the financial return while simultaneously the financial risk was reduced. In contrast, a degraded timber quality could eliminate the positive effect of risk compensation in mixed forests almost completely. The least influence on the financial indicators finally showed a changed volume growth in mixed forests.A combination of the separately tested ecological effects (increased resistance, changed volume growth and decreased timber quality), between both tree species, underlined the dominating importance of the stand resistance. The integration of ecological effects, induced by interdependent tree species, in our bioeconomic model resulted in significantly lower financial risk than ignoring these effects. Moreover, the financial return of mixed stand variants with a proportion of Norway spruce greater than 60% even exceeded that of the most profitable pure stand.In conclusion this paper clearly confirmed that ignoring ecological effects in bioeconomic models could lead to seriously biased financial results. While a changed volume growth proved rather to be of minor importance for European beech/Norway spruce stands, tree resistance and timber quality may change the financial results significantly.     

Making a stronger case for industrial energy efficiency by quantifying non-energy benefits

This paper describes a more compelling case for industry to promote the non-energy benefits of energy efficiency investments. We do this in two ways to actively appeal to chief executive officers (CEOs) and chief financial officers (CFOs) primary responsibility: to enhance shareholder value. First, we describe the use of a project-by-project corporate financial analysis approach to quantify a broader range of productivity benefits that stem from investments in energy-efficient technologies, including waste reduction and pollution prevention. Second, and perhaps just as important, we present such information in corporate financial terms. These standard, widely-accepted analysis procedures are more credible to industry than the economic modeling done in the past because they are structured in the same way corporate financial analysts perform discounted cashflow investment analyses on individual projects. Case studies including such financial analyses, which quantify both energy and non-energy benefits from investments in energy-efficient technologies, are presented. Experience shows that energy efficiency projects’ non-energy benefits often exceed the value of energy savings, so energy savings should be viewed more correctly as part of the total benefits, rather than the focus of the results. Quantifying the total benefits of energy efficiency projects helps companies understand the financial opportunities of investments in energy-efficient technologies. Making a case for investing in energy-efficient technologies based on energy savings alone has not always proven successful. Evidence suggests, however, that industrial decision makers will understand energy efficiency investments as part of a broader set of parameters that affect company productivity and profitability.     

通吕运河水环境质量达标的可行性分析

介绍了通吕运河水系概况和通吕运河例行监测断面的水环境质量现状,分析了通吕运河历年水质变化趋势。针对通吕运河的水体水质氨氮等污染,提出了6大措施、6大工程、111个项目,并分析了通吕运河水质达标的可行性。     

利用水葫芦治理水体富营养化与生产沼气的环境经济学分析

资源化、无害化利用水葫芦是治理其泛滥的有效途径。利用水葫芦去除水体中的营养物并利用其生物质生产沼气在技术上具有可行性,但是其环境经济效益尚不明确。以滇池为例,针对富营养化水体的水葫芦控制进行了成本收益分析。与将水葫芦打捞后填埋处理相比,将所打捞的水葫芦用于生产沼气具有经济可行性和能量效率。与现行的填埋处理法相比,实施沼气项目不但同样能控制水葫芦泛滥,而且能生产能源。此外,填埋水葫芦会释放甲烷这一环境问题值得重视,利用水葫芦生产沼气可以减少温室气体的排放,但减排的价值取决于沼气厂的生产规模。由于将水葫芦填埋和用于生产沼气都能去除水体中的营养物,只有当沼气厂的水葫芦处理量大于当前的填埋量时,沼气项目才具有额外的水质改良价值。在中国关于水污染控制、可再生能源发展和节能减排等政策的背景下,利用水葫芦生产沼气是一种潜在的政策响应