农村环境质量综合评价技术体系区域适用性验证

长期以来,中国农村环境保护工作基础相对薄弱,国家环保部门于2014年出台《农村环境质量综合评价技术规定(试行)》。研究利用2015—2016年安徽省域的农村环境监测数据,将安徽省重点生态功能区考核县域的数据与其他县域监测数据进行分类整理,采用该技术规定开展农村环境质量综合评价,对评价体系的3个级别指标层面的评价结果进行对比,并通过2组数据的差异性分析,深度剖析评价体系各级指数的结果合理性,验证该评价技术规定的区域适用性;同时,根据各级指标对比中发现的问题,对评价体系的相关指标提出修改完善建议。     

W火焰炉低氮燃烧改造可行性研究

对黔北电厂1～4号W火焰锅炉实际运行状态进行分析,得出NO。排放浓度偏高的主要原因,并提出1—4号机组W火焰炉低氮改造的方案,即在拱下燃烧室内组织大回流长火焰燃烧方式,并通过SOFA风形成炉内深度空气分级低氮燃烧。同时针对1、2号炉和3、4号炉各自特性提出具体的改造方案,保证在锅炉效率不降低的条件下,1～4号W火焰锅炉的NOx排放浓度不高于850mg／m3,从而为W火焰锅炉低氮燃烧改造提供可行性方案,保证W火焰锅炉下一步烟气脱硝的顺利进行。     

Financial sustainability in municipal solid waste management – Costs and revenues in Bahir Dar,Ethiopia

Providing good solid waste management (SWM) services while also ensuring financial sustainability of the system continues to be a major challenge in cities of developing countries. Bahir Dar in northwestern Ethiopia outsourced municipal waste services to a private waste company in 2008. While this institutional change has led to substantial improvement in the cleanliness of the city, its financial sustainability remains unclear. Is the private company able to generate sufficient revenues from their activities to offset the costs and generate some profit?This paper presents a cost-revenue analysis, based on data from July 2009 to June 2011. The analysis reveals that overall costs in Bahir Dar’s SWM system increased significantly during this period, mainly due to rising costs related to waste transportation. On the other hand, there is only one major revenue stream in place: the waste collection fee from households, commercial enterprises and institutions. As the efficiency of fee collection from households is only around 50%, the total amount of revenues are not sufficient to cover the running costs. This results in a substantial yearly deficit. The results of the research therefore show that a more detailed cost structure and cost-revenue analysis of this waste management service is important with appropriate measures, either by the privates sector itself or with the support of the local authorities, in order to enhance cost efficiency and balance the cost-revenues towards cost recovery. Delays in mitigating the evident financial deficit could else endanger the public-private partnership (PPP) and lead to failure of this setup in the medium to long term, thus also endangering the now existing improved and currently reliable service.We present four options on how financial sustainability of the SWM system in Bahir Dar might be enhanced: (i) improved fee collection efficiency by linking the fees of solid waste collection to water supply; (ii) increasing the value chain by sales of organic waste recycling products; (iii) diversifying revenue streams and financing mechanisms (polluter-pays-, cross-subsidy- and business-principles); and (iv) cost reduction and improved cost-effectiveness.We argue that in a PPP setup such as in Bahir Dar, a strong alliance between the municipality and private enterprise is important so that appropriate solutions for improved financial sustainability of a SWM system can be sought and implemented.     

建设扬州环保(静脉)产业园的思考

从竞争优势与发展机遇、不利因素等方面对扬州环保(静脉)产业园建设进行了可行性分析,并结合发展现状与可行性分析提出了扬州环保(静脉)产业园建设的目标定位和推进措施,简要介绍了扬州环保(静脉)产业园建设的现状。     

Sovereign financial disaster risk management: The case of Mexico

In 2006, Mexico became the first transition country to transfer part of its public-sector natural catastrophe risk to the international reinsurance and capital markets. The Mexican case is of considerable interest to highly exposed transition and developing countries, many of which are considering similar transactions. Risk financing instruments can assure governments of sufficient post-disaster capital to provide emergency response, disaster relief to the affected population and repair public infrastructure. The costs of financial instruments, however, can greatly exceed expected losses, and for this reason it is important to closely examine their benefits and alternatives. This paper analyzes the Mexican case from the perspective of the risk cedent (the Ministry of Finance and Public Credit), which was informed by analyses provided by the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA). The rationale for a government to insure its contingent liabilities is presented along with the fiscal, legal and institutional context of the Mexican transaction. Using publicly available data, the paper scrutinizes the choice the authorities faced between two different risk-transfer instruments: reinsurance and a catastrophe bond. Making use of IIASA's catastrophe simulation model (CATSIM), this financial risk management decision is analyzed within the context of a public investment decision.     

The productivity assessment tool: computer-based cost benefit analysis model for the economic assessment of occupational health and safety interventions in the workplace

INTRODUCTION AND MEthod: This paper describes the concepts behind cost benefit analysis in occupational health and safety and introduces the Productivity Assessment Tool, a method by which an analysis may be performed relatively easily in a service or manufacturing workplace. The advantage of using such analyses is to show the important financial role that safe and efficient workplaces play in the workplace. RESULTS: By using analytical tools, the effectiveness of an intervention (workplace change) may be estimated prior to its introduction. IMPACT ON INDUSTRY: This places occupational health and safety on the same financial footing as other proposed workplace changes and thus places occupational health and safety in a strong position to attract scarce resources.     

涪陵区发展榨菜绿色食品的可行性研究

绿色食品产品农业生态环境质量是影响食品质量的重要重要因子之一。涪陵 地区发展榨菜生产已有百余年历史,加之榨菜产地污染少,气候适宜、环境条件具备发展绿色食品。调查资料和实际检测结果表明,涪陵区发展榨菜绿色食品在环境质量方面是可行的。     

活化过硫酸钠修复氯苯类污染场地的小试试验

氯苯类有机污染物由于其分子量大,不易挥发,分子结构中含有稳定的苯环,一般的修复技术对修复氯苯类污染场地难度较大。本文通过活化过硫酸钠氧化土壤中氯代有机类污染物的小试试验,确定活化过硫酸盐修复氯苯类有机污染场地的可行性,提出对后期中试和工程修复的结论和建议     

我国环境产业集群发展的必要性与可行性分析

产业的聚集发展已经成为环境产业发展的重要形式,但是我国大多数环境产业聚集发展缓慢,长期停留在较低层次,本文在阐述我国环境产业聚集现状的基础上,从宏观产业服务化发展趋势和微观产业内在基础两个角度分析我国环境产业集群发展的必要性和可行性,提出环境产业的集群化发展是我国环境产业聚集升级和转型的一条新途径,并就推动环境产业集群发展给出几点政策建议.     

农业技术的综合评价指标初探

为了对农业技术进行推广前景预测或推广后的效益评估，建议采用生物学的合理性、技术的可行性、经济的有利性、生态学的持续性和社会的可接受性作为综合评价的原则．并提出了相应的定量比评价指标体系。