一种turn-on型Al3+荧光探针及其活体生物检测

设计、合成一种联水杨醛席夫碱荧光探针,并对其结构表征.光谱实验表明,在甲醇溶液中,该探针可实现对Al³⁺的turn-on检测,在识别Al³⁺后,荧光强度增强约110倍,并具有良好的离子选择性.荧光滴定实验中,Al³⁺浓度在25~55μmol/L范围内,荧光强度与浓度呈良好线性相关,探针对Al³⁺检出限为5.4×10^-9mol/L,低于世界卫生组织对饮用水中Al³⁺含量最低标准（7.4×10^-6mol/L）.高分辨质谱数据表明,探针分子与Al³⁺的络合比例为2：1.在活体生物Al³⁺检测中,探针具有良好的生物相容性,表明其在水体及生物体Al³⁺检测中具有一定的应用前景.     

施加盐基离子调控水稻Cd的吸收与累积

盐基离子含量是土壤肥力的重要指标,也是决定土壤Cd生物有效性的重要因素.为探明盐基离子对稻田系统中Cd迁移、转运与累积的影响,本研究通过水稻盆栽试验,按照土壤中盐基离子的物质的量比施加不同浓度梯度KCl、CaCl_2、NaCl和MgCl_2到模拟制备的轻度(0.5 mg·kg~(-1))和中度(1.5 mg·kg~(-1))Cd污染土壤,分析盐基离子对土壤CaCl_2提取态Cd含量和水稻吸收累积Cd的影响.结果表明:施加盐基离子能够增加土壤阳离子交换量(CEC),在轻度和中度Cd污染土壤中,土壤CaCl_2提取态Cd含量分别下降了24.6%～56.1%和17.0%～71.1%,糙米Cd含量分别降低了9.1%～60.5%和7.2%～36.0%.在轻度和中度Cd污染土壤中,糙米Cd含量与土壤CaCl_2提取态Cd含量之间存在线性正相关关系,根、茎、叶Cd含量与Ca含量均呈线性负相关.     

西固炼化基地区域大气质量变化特征与减排建议

西固炼化基地是西北地区最大的石油化工生产基地,在带动区域经济腾飞的同时,也随之产生了显著的大气环境问题。收集该区域2005年、2008年、2012年和2014年的大气现状监测资料,对近10年区域大气质量变化特征进行分析,确定针对西固炼化基地的管控污染物主要是特征污染物,结合基地排污情况提出相应的减排措施。研究表明,近10年SO_2、NO_2大气污染治理取得了显著效果,从2005年近半监测点超标到2014年无超标现象,污染物浓度逐年下降。2005—2014年的数次监测中几乎所有监测点颗粒物浓度全部超标。NMHC浓度呈先下降后上升的态势,2005年和2014年超标现象明显,其中2014年全部监测点超标。     

两种老化温度对某型双基推进剂的热分解性能的影响

目的探索某型双基推进剂在85℃和95℃条件下的热分解性能随老化时间的变化趋势。方法采用恒温加速老化试验,并对老化不同时间的样品进行热重分析(TG)和差示扫描(DSC)试验。结果计算了其两种老化温度条件下的动力学参数。结论某型双基推进剂性能良好,与老化时间相比,老化温度对其性能影响较大。     

Are calcareous soils in uplands less prone to damage from road salting than acidic soils?

Previous studies of upland roadside soils in Cumbria, that would normally be naturally acidic, have highlighted that (a) runoff from roads subjected to long-term road salting can dramatically raise soil pH down slope in upland areas; (b) the soil pH increase dramatically changes N cycling in soils down slope, increasing mineralisation of organic matter, ammonification, ammonium leaching down slope and nitrification and nitrate leaching; (c) the increase in nitrification substantially increases nitrate leaching to down-slope rivers, and this is readily detectable in field studies; and (d) loss of soil organic matter over decades of salting is so great that organic matter is no longer substantially solubilised by high salt concentrations found in soil solution below road drains. This paper tests and supports the hypothesis that such effects are minimal for more calcareous soil ecosystems. It examines the soil and soil solution chemistry on another Cumbrian upland highway, the A686 near Leadgate, Alston. Sodium % of soil CEC values for soil transects affected by spray containing road salt are similar at both the A6 and A686 sites. However, spatial trends in calcium, magnesium, ammonium, and nitrate concentrations as well as pH differ, as a direct result of the higher weathering rate of parent material and possibly also the presence of limestone walls above both spray-affected and control transects at the A686 site.     

航空装备研制风险的综合赋权-双基点法评估

为实现对航空预研项目技术风险的定量评估,建立技术风险评价指标体系,建立基于综合赋权和双基点方法的综合评估模型,采用层次分析法(AHP)求得主观权重,熵值赋权法求得客观权重,运用线性规划方法求得对2类权重加权的权值,构造综合权重;使用正负理想点间的投影距离代替传统的相对欧式距离对TOPSIS方法进行改进;实例分析中,通过对某航空预研项目5种不同的方案进行风险评估,得出各方案的优劣度,选出了较为优化的技术方案,该方法可用于指导其他装备研制风险的评估。     

基于离线采集模式的高低温低气压试验箱校准技术的研究

针对高低温低气压箱校准技术展开研究,分析了传统校准方案的不足之处,提出了一种基于离线采集模式的高低温低气压试验箱温度、压力校准方案,并结合虚拟仪器、数据库与MATLAB,完成了该方案的设计与实现。最后通过实验验证了该方案的可靠性与可行性,并应用到环境与可靠性工作中。     

Review on the study of mercury/silver ions-pyrimidine base pairs in DNA duplexes and their application in detection technology北大核心CSCD

Nucleic acids and their analogues are getting more and more attention. Metal-mediated base pairs as a kind of simple and functionalized nucleic acids in special positions have widened the scope of application of functional nucleic acids and their analogues. In this type of base pairs, the representative is the interaction between metal ions and pyrimidine bases, especially the research on thymine-Hg2+-thymine (T-Hg2+-T) and cytosine-Ag+-cytosine (C-Ag+-C) base pairs. This review summarizes the structure and mechanism of metal-mediate pyrimidine base pairs as well as the application in the biochemical analysis. It explores the mode and ratio of coordination between metal ions and base pairs, the effects on the stability of DNA helical structure, the related crystal structure and the three-dimensional configuration information in the DNA helix. The analytical application mainly includes various probes of metal ions, small molecules, protein and the detection of single nucleotide polymorphism. Among them the most widely used metal ions detection, and its combination with spectrum technology, visualization and amplification technology greatly promoted the rapid development of sensitive detection technology. In further studies, it is necessary to reveal the mechanism of interaction between T-Hg2+-T and C-Ag+-C, and more attention should be paid to combining of T-Hg2+-T and C-Ag+-C base pairs with other new technologies. The scope of practical application should also be further extended.     

杭州市典型共站移动通信基站周围电磁环境影响调查与研究

在4G基站快速增加的背景下,基站共站已成为较为普遍的架设方式.根据移动通信基站的发展趋势和工作原理,选取典型共站的移动通信基站,按照测量规范进行布点,了解基站周围电场强度的大小、楼顶架设基站的建筑物内部电场强度,以及周围建筑物室内的电场强度垂直方向的变化规律.分析结果表明,只要基站选址合理,天线面板角度与高度能尽量避开周围环境保护目标的方向,共站的基站运营时周围环境的电磁辐射水平可以满足相应的评价标准,不会对周围的环境造成明显的影响.     

“城市矿产”示范基地——我国再生资源产业化的发展方向

以前三批29个国家＂城市矿产＂示范基地为研究对象,对示范基地的回收利用规模、重点项目覆盖范围、示范基地类型做了概括性梳理,总结了示范基地建设的成功经验,分析了妨碍示范基地健康发展的问题,并提出一些预测性意见,供行业同仁参考。