乌江流域资源开发与电力—冶金—化工基地建设

乌江流域是我国水能、煤炭、铝、磷资源富集区,具有储量大、质量好、分布相对集中、组合配置好等特点。目前该流域及其邻近省区电力紧缺,煤炭供应不足;铝、磷等更是我国经济发展中的短线产品。乌江流域经过多年建设,具备了综合开发、加工的基础。乌江流域具有建设电力—冶金—化工基地的优越条件,其开发在战略上应分两步走,前期重点加速水电梯级建设,扩大煤炭、磷矿、铝土矿等主要资源的开采规模,原煤、精选磷矿以外运为主;后期建设重点是在进一步开发水电梯级和扩大资源开发规模的同时,兴建火电厂,形成水火互济强大电力基地,发展氧化铝、电解铝、重钙、黄磷等铝、磷综合性加工工业,形成从矿山开采,到原矿初加工、深加工的冶金、化工基地。     

关于《生态保护》课程实践教学若干问题的探讨

《生态保护》在我院是一门重要的课程，也是一门实践性很强的学科，但是目前该课程的实践教学环节还相当薄弱。增建实习实践基地，选择合适的实习路线，拟建相关学科实验室等措施将为该课程的实践教学提供保障。     

A COMPUTERIZED DATA BASE FOR FLOOD PREDICTION MODELING1

ABSTRACT: A computerized geographic information system (GIS) was created in support of data requirements by a hydrologic model designed to predict the runoff hydrograph from ungaged basins. Some geomorphologic characteristics (i.e., channel lengths) were manually measured from topographic maps, while other parameters such as drainage area and number of channels of a specified order, land use, and soil type were digitized and manipulated through use of the GIS. The model required the generation of an integrated Soil Conservation Service (SCS) curve number for the entire basin. To this end, soil associations and land use (generated from analysis of Landsat satellite data) were merged in the GIS to acquire a map representing SCS runoff curve numbers. The volume of runoff obtained from the Watershed Hydrology Simulation (WAHS) Model using this map was compared to the volume computed by hydrograph separation and found to be accurate within 19 percent error. To quantify the effect of changing land use on basin hydrology, the GIS was used to vary percentages from the drainage area from forest to bare soil. By changing the basin runoff curve numbers, significant changes in peak discharge were noted; however, the time to peak discharge remained essentially independent of change in area of land use. The GIS capability eliminated many of the more traditional manual phases of data input arid manipulation, thereby allowing researchers to concentrate on the development and calibration of the model and the interpretation of presumably more accurate results.     

One-step preparation of polyimide-inlaid amine-rich porous organic block copolymer for efficient removal of chlorophenols from aqueous solution

A novel polyimide-inlaid amine-rich porous organic block copolymer (PI-b-ARPOP) was prepared via one-step polymerization by using different molar ratios of melamine (MA)/terephthalaldehyde (TA)/pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA), at molar ratios of 4/3/1, 4/2/2 and 4/1/3. The copolymer contained both aminal groups belonging to ARPOP and imide groups belonging to PI, and the bonding styles of the monomers and growth orientations of the polymeric chains were diversiform, forming an excellent porous structure. Notably, MA/TA/PMDA (4/2/2) had a surface area and pore volume of 487.27?m²/g and 1.169?cm³/g, respectively. The adsorption performance of the materials towards 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) in ultra-pure water was systematically studied. The pH value of 7 was optimal in aqueous solution. Na⁺ and Cl^? ions did not negatively affect the adsorption process, while humic acid (HA) slightly decreased the capacity. The equilibrium time was 40 sec, and the maximum adsorption capacity reached 282.49?mg/g at 298?K. The removal process was endothermic and spontaneous, and the copolymer could maintain its porous structure and consistent performance after regeneration by treatment with alkali. Moreover, to further assess the practical applicability of the material, the adsorption performance towards 2,4-DCP in river water was also investigated. This paper demonstrated that the PI-b-ARPOP can be an efficient and practical adsorbent to remove chlorophenols from aqueous solution.     

漠河低温工作极值及其统计方法探讨

为提高漠河试验站低温工作极值统计的准确性,推进低温工作极值在装备低温环境适应性评估中的应用.以最低温度、平均温度、小于–35℃的天数为基准条件,分别统计了漠河不同年份的低温工作极值,研究了基准条件、统计年份、数据缺失情况对严酷月确定和工作极值的影响.基准条件、统计年份、数据缺失都会影响严酷月的确定和低温工作极值的统计,统计年份的影响比基准条件大,数据缺失影响的严重性需要看数据缺失的多少和时间段.工作极值结果至少包括数据年限、基准条件、严酷月、时间风险率、与时间风险率对应的工作极值等内容.1991—2005年,时间风险率为1％、5％、10％、20％、30％的最低温度工作极值分别为:–44.0、–40.7、–38.1、–35.6、–33.6℃.     

我国循环经济行业2013年发展综述

综述了2013年循环经济行业发展的政策环境及再生资源回收利用概况;重点分析了“城市矿产”建设发展,以及煤炭行业、石化行业、拆船行业的循环经济发展现状;针对行业发展中存在的主要问题提出了相关对策建议;对行业的发展进行了展望。     

Decision Support for Road System Analysis and Modification on the Tahoe National Forest

The United States Forest Service is required to analyze road systems on each of the national forests for potential environmental impacts. We have developed a novel and inexpensive way to do this using the Ecosystem Management Decision Support program (EMDS). We used EMDS to integrate a user-developed fuzzy logic knowledge base with a grid-based geographic information system to evaluate the degree of truth for assertions about a roads environmental impact. Using spatial data for natural and human processes in the Tahoc National Forest (TNF, California, USA), we evaluated the assertion the road has a high potential for impacting the environment. We found a high level of agreement between the products of this evaluation and ground observations of a TNF transportation engineer, as well as occurrences of road failures. We used the modeled potential environmental impact to negatively weight roads for a least-cost path network analysis to 1573 points of interest in the forest. The network analysis showed that out of 8233 km of road analyzed in the forest, 3483 km (42%) must be kept in a modified road network to ensure access to these points. We found that the modified network had improved patch characteristics, such as significantly fewer cherry stem roads intruding into patches, an improved area-weighted mean shape index, and larger mean patch sizes, as compared to the original network. This analysis system could be used by any public agency to analyze infrastructure for environmental or other risk and included in other mandated analyses such as risks to watersheds.     

粤西两类混合岩地质地球化学对比及与金成矿作用关系探讨

笔者在对粤西进行金银成矿作用研究的过程中,发现该地区存在两类不同成因的混合岩类,第一类为基底混合岩,第二类为断裂变质混合岩,两者在许多方面都存在很大差异。本文从它们的形成时间、分布空间、成岩方式、岩石学、矿物学、地球化学以及与金银等元素的成矿作用关系等方面进行了研究,分别阐述了两者的各自特点,并进行了对比,研究表明,基底混合岩化作用与金银的成矿作用关系主要表现为前者为后者提供了物质基础,而断裂变质混合岩化作用与金银的成矿作用关系则主要表现为前者或其邻近的构造带对后者的空间上的控制,其次才表现为成矿作用提供物质基础。     

Sorption of a triazol derivative by soils: importance of surface acidity

The sorption of a triazol derivative,1-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)penten-3-ol with a common name of s3307D,on fifteen soils and three H2O2-treated soils was investigated.The sorption isotherm for each untreated and treated soil was nonlinear,and was best fitted to Freundlich sorption equation.Soils containing hith amount of clay content or organic matter or both sorbed much higher amounts of the chemical than soils that had low contents of these soil constituents.H2O2-treated soils showed sonsiderable sorptive affinity for S3307D.It was concluded that both organic matter and mineral fraction in natural soils contributed to the sorption of the basic compound.Sorption by the H2O2 treated soils increased as suspension pH decreased,but all suspension pHs exceeded the pKa of the compound by more than two units.This implies that organic base protonation can occur on surfaces of soil components,and surface acidity (exchangeable acidity)is important in sorption process of the organic base rather than suspension pH.