Coupling effects of foam ceramics on the flame and shock wave of gas explosion

The coupling of gas explosion flame and shock wave is analyzed. In the gas explosion process, shock wave is affected by the flame directly, and shock wave also induces the flame. Inhibiting explosion can be achieved by the interference between the flame and shock wave propagation. If the coupling effects can be damaged, the adverse effects caused by the explosion should be mitigated and controlled. According to the structure characteristics of foam ceramics, the coupling effects mechanism of ceramic foam on gas explosion flame and shock wave is researched. When the explosion goes through the structure of foam ceramics, the flame can be quenched and the shock wave be attenuated. After the flame is quenched, the supply of precursor shock wave energy is cut off. Due to lack of energy supply, the destructive effects of blast wave will be reduced effectively. Coupling effects of the flame and shock wave can be damaged by the special structure of foam ceramics. Studies suggest that a certain function to represent the structure characteristics of foam ceramics must exist. For a certain material of foam ceramics, the sure porosity δ and the pore diameter d also can be get, which is the key to research and develop foam ceramic suppression technology of gas explosion.     

水雾对气体火焰传播特性影响的实验研究

本文利用自行设计的传播火焰喷雾抑制实验系统研究了水雾对甲烷火焰传播特性的影响.结果表明,在一定范围内水雾对甲烷火焰传播的抑制效率随着水流量和火焰前方流场中水雾区流体速度的增加而增加.在甲烷爆炸反应过程中,水作为第三体或惰性液滴破坏其中的链载体,从而降低了甲烷爆炸的反应能力.     

A study on the obstacle-induced variation of the gas explosion characteristics

A study on the variation of the gas explosion characteristics caused by the built-in obstacles was conducted in enclosed/vented gas explosion vessels. It has been well known that the obstacles in pipes and long ducts would accelerate the flame propagation, and cause the transition from deflagration to detonation. In this study, the explosion characteristics and the flame behavior of vented explosions and constant-volume explosions were investigated. Experiments were carried out in a 270-liter and 36-liter hexahedron vessels filled with LPG–air mixture. The explosion characteristics of the gas mixture were determined by using a strain-responding pressure transducer. The flame behavior was recorded by using a high-speed video camera. The shape and the size of the obstacle, and the gas concentration, were adjusted in the experiments.

It can be seen from the experimental results that, instead of being accelerated, the flame propagation inside the explosion vessel is decelerated by the plate obstacles fixed at the bottom of the vessel. Also, the characteristics of the enclosed explosion are not so affected by the built-in obstacles as those of the vented explosion are. It is believed that the eddy-induced turbulence behind the obstacle decelerates the flame propagation.     

基于BP神经网络的儿童卧室内灰尘PAEs浓度预测

在实测数据的基础上,以邻苯二甲酸酯(PAEs)的各类影响因素为自变量,PAEs浓度为因变量,采用Back-propagation(BP)神经网络建立儿童卧室内PAEs浓度预测模型.结果表明,该模型的预测效果较理想,其中,STD比值均＞0.5,NMB均接近0,EMR均＜19％.以室内环境与儿童健康(CCHH)课题组天津地...     

考虑公众辟谣及反馈机制的谣言传播及干预研究

为降低官方辟谣信息缺位情况下谣言传播带来的负面影响,考虑公众辟谣及反馈机制,建立谣言传播模型及平均场方程。对方程进行数学分析,利用四阶龙格-库塔法求解方程,确定谣言传播的临界点。以系统中参数表示公众批判意识、公众辟谣能力、辟谣信息反馈机制作用强度、谣言辨识重要性等影响因子,以谣言传播激烈程度和负面影响范围表示谣言传播结果,分析单个影响因子变化对谣言传播结果的影响。结果表明,提高公众批判意识和辟谣能力、强化辟谣信息反馈机制、依据谣言辨识重要性优化谣言管理等是有效的谣言管理措施。     

复合坚硬顶板水压裂缝扩展过程研究

为研究复合坚硬顶板的水压裂缝扩展过程,建立相应扩展模型,对水压裂缝的扩展机制和扩展模式进行理论分析,以大同矿区复合坚硬顶板为研究对象,采用岩石损伤破裂过程渗流-应力耦合分析系统(RFPA^2D-Flow)数值模拟软件,研究水压裂缝的扩展过程及不同因素下的影响,并用相似模型试验方法验证数值模拟结果。结果表明,水压裂缝的扩展主要受到顶板岩石的力学性质、主应力差、层理面倾角和层理面力学性质等因素的影响。大同矿区的复合坚硬顶板中的水压裂缝优先扩展进入强度最低的泥岩层,随主应力差增大,水压裂缝向不同岩性岩层扩展过程的差异性减弱。随着层理面倾角增大,水压裂缝由穿过粗粒砂岩层扩展逐渐转为沿层理面和限制在压裂层内扩展。而层理面弹性模量的增大,有利于水压裂缝直接扩展进入粗粒砂岩层。     

低压下近熄灭极限区域纸火蔓延实验研究

对低压下的近熄灭极限区域水平纸火蔓延进行了实验研究。通过降低环境压力和氧气浓度,确定了水平纸火蔓延的着火极限,并得出了在极限氧气浓度条件下的火蔓延速度变化规律。在相同氧气浓度下(43%)进行了不同压力的水平纸火蔓延实验。结果表明,火蔓延速度在近熄灭极限区域内非线性增加,通过比较分析前人火蔓延速度实验结果,确定了火蔓延近熄灭极限区域和线性增长区域的分界压力值。此外,得出了压力分界处的火焰变化特征,并根据火焰图像与理论分析,得出了不同区域内的火蔓延传热机制。     

剥落型矿柱与早强胶结充填体相互作用损伤演化分

为了研究矿柱底部严重剥落形成的上宽下窄型矿柱与早强胶结充填体的相互作用,进行了现场地质调查,选用石蜡模拟早强胶结充填体进行室内试验,同时进行数值模型的构建和试验模拟研究。试验结果表明:在加载过程中,破坏主要发生在矿岩中,石蜡充填体由于具有较强的变形能力,没有明显的破坏裂纹;矿岩中的裂纹主要沿矿岩和充填体接触面进行延展,直至延伸至临空面破坏;试样表壁的石蜡薄层表征显示在加载过程中,在试样表壁大的裂纹带附近伴随小裂纹产生。通过相关研究,厘清剥落型矿柱与早强充填体的相互作用机理及破坏规律,以便开展针对性的矿柱补强,确保充填采场安全稳定。     

综合拉底、扩漏和出矿全过程的底部结构安全性颗粒流模拟技术研究

为探明自然崩落法从拉底崩落至出矿全过程中底部结构节理连续扩展过程与破坏过程规律,采用PFC2D软件,结合Roc Lab软件反演节理岩体参数,建立229 m×129 m的岩体扩大模型,对拉底崩落至出矿过程进行连续综合计算。研究结果表明:模拟结果及破坏现象与现场监测结果相近,建模与细观参数反演方法适用于该类岩体工程研究;裂纹扩展贯通导致岩体失稳破坏,破坏过程与裂纹扩展具有相对应的阶段特征,裂纹扩展分为崩落前稳定扩展期,崩落与聚矿槽开挖过程加速扩展期和后续持续扩展期;结构破坏分为蕴育过程,扰动失稳过程和宏观破坏过程;较大范围的宏观破坏主要在出矿阶段。该模拟方法与结果可为底部结构维护以及节理岩体长期稳定性研究提供参考。