Treatment and utilization of septic tank effluent using vertical-flow constructed wetlands and vegetable hydroponics

Vertical flow constructed wetlands is a typical ecological sanitation system for sewage treatment.The removal rates COD,BOD5,SS,TN and TP were 60%,80%,74%,49%and 79%,respectively,when septic tank effluent was treated by vertical flow filter.So the concentration of COD and BOD5 in the treated effluent could meet the quality standard for irrigation water.After that the treated effluent was used for hydroponic cultivation of water spinach and romaine lettuce,the removal efficiencies of the whole system for COD, BOD5,SS, TN and Tpwere 71.4%,97.5%,96.9%,86.3%,and 87.4%,respectively.And it could meet the integrated wastewater discharge standard for secondary biological treatment plant.It was found that using treated effluent for hydroponic cultivation of vegetables could reduce the nitrate content in vegetables.The removal rates for total bacteria and coliform index by using vertical flow bed system with cinder substrate were 80%-90% and 85%-96%,respectively.     

悬浮填料滤池取代传统二沉池的中试研究

研究了一种生物氧化固液分离一体化新工艺,该工艺是在投料倒置AAO工艺好氧池末端设置悬浮填料滤池,从而取消原有工艺的二沉池。在现场与具有二沉池的传统投料倒置AAO工艺的中试对比试验中,滤池表面负荷控制为2.5m3/m2.h(进水量为2.0m3/h),出水SS达到18mg/L,低于同等进水量条件下投料倒置AAO工艺二沉池出水SS值(26mg/L),各项生化指标均满足处理要求。研究表明,新工艺在省却二沉池、节省占地的同时,充分发挥滤池内生物降解作用,达到一级出水水质标准的要求。     

Safety evaluation of leak in a storage tank using fault tree analysis and risk matrix analysis

The work presented in this paper used a quantitative analysis of relevant risks through the development of fault tree analysis and risk analysis methods to aid real time risk prediction and safety evaluation of leak in a storage tank. Criticality of risk elements and their attributes can be used with real time data to predict potential failures likely to occur. As an example, a risk matrix was used to rank risk of events that could lead to a leak in a storage tank and to make decisions on risks to be allowed based on past statistical data. An intelligent system that recognizes increasing level(s) and draws awareness to the possibility of additional increase before unsafe levels are attained was used to analyse and make critical decisions. After a visual depiction of relationships between hazards and controls had been actualized, dynamic risk modelling was used to quantify the effect controls can potentially have on hazards by applying historical and real-time data into a probabilistic model. The output of a dynamic risk model is near real-time quantitative predictions of risk likelihood. Results from the risk matrix analysis method mixed with RTD and FTA were analyzed, evaluated, and compared.     

基于热-结构耦合分析的液化石油气储罐失效预警判定*

为研究火灾中球罐应力场分布情况,找到球罐失效破裂条件,以液化石油气为研究对象,基于球罐稳态热响应,通过ANSYS热-结构耦合有限元分析法进行研究。结果表明:充装率85%的液化石油气球罐最高温度部位出现在气相区,约619.66 ℃;最大应力值出现在气液交界处,约615.18 MPa;得到球罐破裂失效时温度值和应力值,并设置2次预警值。研究结果可为液化石油气储罐失效预警提供参考和判定依据。     

人工快渗的强化预处理研究

通过室内实验并结合实际工程研究了一种新型组合式人工快渗系统处理氨氮负荷较高的污水。结果表明,简易曝气装置有效降低了人工快渗池的污染物负荷,保障了整个系统的出水水质。实际工程中,经过简易曝气池的预处理,人工快渗池的水力负荷可达2.5 m/d,降低了人工快渗系统的占地面积,出水COD、氨氮、总氮等指标达到了《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB/T18918-2002)一级A排放标准。     

中美油罐VOCs排放核算公式参数敏感性研究

介绍了中石化系统VOCs排放核算公式和美国环保署推荐公式,并对2种方法的优缺点进行了对比分析.结合油罐排放核算实例,分析了导致中美两种方法计算结果不同的原因,最终确定了VOCs年排放量核算结果为43.43t.利用了回归分析的方法,对中美核算公式的主要参数进行了敏感性研究,各参数拟合方程的R²均接近于1,将t统计量P值显著性水平设置为0.05,结果表明,在计算浮顶罐VOCs排放时,中石化公式的敏感参数包括：粘附系数、风速、二次密封系数、密封系数和风速指数;EPA公式的敏感参数为内壁粘附系数、风速、静风边缘密封排放系数、有风情况下边缘密封排放系数和浮顶板密封长度系数,风速指数为非敏感参数.     

高层建筑水箱浸出有机物的GC/MS分析

采用高分子大网状吸附树脂(XAD)富集技术和GC/MS方法,对国内七种材料的水箱浸出有机物进行了分析,共计检出有机物百余种.根据测定结果可以判定,作为水箱的材质和涂料,水泥、SHZ-90瓷釉和玻璃钢是比较好的,其次为环氧树脂;聚胺酯和“青凝”涂料配方中都存在较大问题,应进一步改进;防锈漆问题最多,效果最差,应逐步淘汰.这一工作为合理地选择水箱材料和二次加压高层建筑供水设施的卫生学评价提供了科学依据.     

叶轮气浮机用浮选剂研究

采用阳离子聚合物的表面活性剂作浮选剂，能增强气泡与絮粒的粘附能力，提高气浮分离效果，用该浮选剂对南充炼油厂的南阳油田稠油污水进行处理，去浊率达到９０％左右，处理效果与美国埃克森公司产３３９０浮选剂相当。     

生化—混凝沉淀—砂滤工艺处理毛巾印染废水

根据毛巾印染废水水质特点 ,选择了厌氧折流板反应池 -生物接触氧化池 -混凝沉淀 -砂滤处理工艺。运行结果表明 ,在进水水质为 :CODCr5 89～ 2 980 mg/L、BOD5 2 49～ 5 3 4 mg/L、SS12 3～ 190 mg/L、色度 3 0 0～80 0倍、p H8.76～ 9.5 6时 ,出水水质达到《纺织染整工业水污染物排放标准》( GB42 87— 92 )一级标准。该处理系统耐冲击负荷 ,运行稳定、简单 ,基建和运行费用较低。     

大型圆形储水池池壁竖向裂缝成因的探讨

大型圆形贮水池如不设变形缝则普遍存在着池壁竖向产生裂缝的现象 ,本文结合一实例分析池壁产生裂缝的原因 ,提出设计时应当注意的问题和可采取的相应措施。